Browsing by Author "Petrošina, Eva"

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    Burden of extraintestinal manifestations and comorbidities in treated and untreated ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease : a Latvian nationwide prescription database study 2014–2019
    (2022-12-01) Teterina, Irēna; Mokricka, Viktorija; Petrošina, Eva; Pokrotnieks, Juris; Faculty of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medicine
    Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are frequently accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) due to systemic autoimmune processes, which are important in the management of IBD patients and their long-term outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of EIMs comorbidities and their burden in IBD patients, based on the Latvian nationwide reimbursed prescription database from 2012 till 2019. Incident Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients between 2014 and 2018 were matched on age and sex with non-treated IBD controls and followed up until 2019. EIMs were selected based on a previously used methodology and grouped into organ systems. The cohort was tested for differences in the timing and occurrence of EIMs, as well as overall cumulating disease burden. The study population included 187 CD and 1137 UC patients. Higher prevalence of EIMs was observed in untreated IBD patients, whereas in the treated IBD patient group prevalence remained numerically similar. Among treated patients, the most common EIMs affected cardiovascular, hepatopancreatobiliary, endocrine, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and the skin and intestinal tract systems, where 28.4-79.9% of IBD patients experienced these EIMs for the first time before their IBD diagnosis. The treated female IBD patients tended to have higher frequency of EIMs compared to male patients. The overall comorbidity burden trend increased with time. The study provides evidence that treated IBD patients have lower risk for EIMs/comorbidities compared to untreated IBD patients.
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    The Effect of MI Varnish™ on Caries Increment and Dietary Habits among 6- and 12-Year-Old Children in Riga, Latvia : A 3-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
    (2022-06-01) Gudkina, Jekaterīna; Amaechi, Bennett T.; Abrams, Stephen H.; Brinkmane, Anda; Petrošina, Eva; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Statistics Unit
    Aims: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of MI Varnish™ (5% NaF/ CPP-ACP) on caries increment in 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga, Latvia within 36 months. Methods: Forty-eight 6-year-old children (Group 1) and forty-seven 12-year-old children (Group 3) received quarterly varnish application, while forty-eight 6-year-old children (Group 2) and thirty-seven 12-yearold children (Group 4) did not have varnish applied. All children/parents received the same preventive advice. All children were visually examined using ICDAS-II criteria. Questionnaires on dietary habits were completed by the children/parents at baseline and after 36 months. DMFS and dfs were calculated from ICDAS data. The statistical analysis was performed (α = 0.05) using a Chi-squared test, paired t-test (Welch test) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The trial registration number is ISRCTN10584414. Results: In Group 1 versus Group 2, the DMFS(SD) (Baseline/36 months) values were 5.02(5.85)/13.21(6.67) (p < 0.001) versus 2.65(4.54)/10.81(6.14) (p < 0.001), respectively; the dfs(SD) (Baseline/36 months) values were 36.75(12.96)/24.04(12.9) (p < 0.001) versus 33.67(12.74)/23.88(11.91) (p < 0.001), respectively. In Group 3 versus Group 4, the DMFS(SD) (Baseline/36 months) values were 48.62(23.18)/70.96(23.28) (p < 0.001) versus 34.73(17.99)/54.95(16.09) (p < 0.001), respectively; the dfs(SD) (Baseline/36 months) values were 1.7(4.4)/0 (p < 0.05) versus 2(6.39)/0 (p = 0.06), respectively. The prevalence of caries (dfs + DMFS) decreased by 4.52 (p < 0.001) and 1.63 (p < 0.001) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, but increased by 20.64 (p < 0.001) and 18.22 (p < 0.001) in Groups 3 and 4, respectively. An analysis of the questionnaires indicated the habitual, frequent consumption of a sugary diet by all the children. A significant correlation (r = 0.321; p < 0.05) was observed between caries increment and the frequency of daily intake of sugary snacks, soft drinks and tea with sugar at baseline only in Group 1. Conclusions: A quarterly application of MI varnish (CPP-ACP/fluoride) reduced caries increment in 6- and 12-year-old children in Riga, Latvia.
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    Etiology, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes in Infective Endocarditis Patients Requiring Cardiac Surgery
    (2022-04-01) Meidrops, Kristiāns; Burkhardt, Franziska Johanna; Osipovs, Janis Davis; Petrošina, Eva; Groma, Valērija; Stradiņš, Pēteris; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Background: Infective endocarditis, which may be caused by various microbial agents, severely affects the innermost layer of the heart and often leads to poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology, risk factors and short and long-term outcomes of infective endocarditis caused by various bacterial agents in patients requiring cardiac surgery. Methods: One hundred and forty-four patients aged 18 years or above with indications for cardiac surgery due to S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis or coagulase-negative staphylococci caused infective endocarditis were included in this study. Results: S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. faecalis and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the causative agents of infective endocarditis in 44 (30.6%), 35 (24.3%), 33 (22.9%) and 32 (22.2%) patients, respectively. The presence of bicuspid aortic valve was the most common predisposing factor confirmed in 19 (23.5%), whereas intravenous drug usage was the most common in 17 (11.8%) patients. No significant differences in intrahospital mortality due to infective endocarditis caused by various bacterial agents were found, however, the worsening of long-term prognosis of endocarditis caused by S. aureus when compared to E. faecalis was confirmed (p = 0.03). The presence of S. aureus was associated with significantly higher rates of embolic complications (p = 0.003). The presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci was associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis (p = 0.015) and perivalvular complications (p = 0.024). Conclusions: In contrast to E. faecalis, the presence of S. aureus determines the worsening of the long-term mortality from infective endocarditis. Perivalvular complications are associated with the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
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    Evaluation of Prenatal and Postnatal Risk Factors of Obesity in Obese and Normal Weight Children and Adolescents
    (2023-08-01) Gailīte, Jurgita; Siliņa, Ieva; Petrošina, Eva; Dzīvīte-Krišāne, Iveta; Gardovska, Dace; Department of Paediatrics; Statistics Unit
    Obesity is considered a global epidemic worldwide. During the COVID lockdown, many daily habits changed not only for adults, but also for children. These changes are likely to further increase the prevalence and severity of obesity, which could lead to early health problems and chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to identify preventable and non-preventable risk factors of obesity, which would be useful in planning long-term obesity prevention programmes in the country. The aim of the study was to investigate the prenatal and postnatal obesity risk factors in obese and normal weight children and adolescents. The prospective study from 2013 to 2018 included 198 children and adolescents — 181 children with obesity and 17 children with normal body weight who attended a paediatric endocrinologist. No statistically significant differences in prenatal risk factors of obesity were found between normal weight and obese children in the study: birth weight (p = 0.530), excessive weight gain during pregnancy in mothers (p = 0.787), type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family (p > 0.999). No statistically significant difference was found for the postnatal risk factor of obesity — duration of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.120), a statistically significant difference was only observed in parental obesity prevalence between children with normal weight and obesity (p = 0.004). Therefore, it is important to involve all family members to change children’s daily habits.
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    What we need to learn when exploring the mixed basal cell carcinoma of head and neck
    (2021-04-01) Moisejenko- Goluboviča, Jeļena; Volkovs, Oļegs; Ivanova, Anna; Petrošina, Eva; Groma, Valērija; Rīga Stradiņš University; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Statistics Unit
    Coexistence of different histopathological types of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in the same anatomical localisation is rare, and, therefore, is engaging for histopathologists and clinicians. In many cases, the determination of a neoplasm type remains difficult, since BCC may consist of more than one histopathological subtype. Mixed BCCs often present with an aggressive course and recurrence when compared to other subtypes of a tumour. Furthermore, tumours of this type are associated with time-consuming treatment and not a very satisfactory cosmetic result, thus worsening the quality of the patient’s life. Several clinical studies have been published regarding the histopathologically diverse tumours developed in the same anatomical region; however, largely peculiarities of mixed BCCs are not explored sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the use of dermoscopy and morphology, assessing mixed type BCC of the head and neck. The tumours were removed with a surgical excision of 1 cm margins, and the tumour sites were assessed in a 24-month-long follow-up period. The dermoscopic characteristics of mixed and aggressive BCC are analysed in this study. Finally, to better estimate the invading cone of the tumour, a complex morphology, which included collagen type IV and podoplanin immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy were used.