Browsing by Author "Palkova, Karina"

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    Aesthetic Medicine as Global Trend in Public Health : Concept of Legal Problems and Liability Issues from Latvian Perspective
    (2022-09-30) Kudeikina, Inga; Palkova, Karina; Loseviča, Marina; Juridiskā fakultāte
    Today, the concept of public health may be viewed much more broadly, considering both the meaning of the word “health,” which includes not only the physical state of a person, but also the emotional and psychological state. Public health is often understood only as health promotion, but it also includes occupational safety, occupational health, improvement of the health care system and other subfields. The public’s emotional health is also mentioned more often in the context of public health, which is based on considerations of aesthetics, i.e., aesthetic medicine manipulations changing person’s appearance. Advances in modern medicine are not only associated with disease prevention, diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, or patient care. That is, they are not solely related to human physical well-being and overcoming diseases. Medicine has gone beyond the boundaries of necessity and the opportunities that it provides are related to such categories as aesthetics, as the improvement of the body given by nature through medical procedures. Aesthetic medicine has brought to the forefront the subject that is relevant both at the national and international level and that is based on the question “What is beauty?” Considering the multifaceted nature of the word beauty, at the global level, there are certain obstacle to an agreement on a unified approach in the context of the legal framework for aesthetic medicine. The above can be explained by the diversity of relationships, opinions, and services.
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    Ārstniecības personas tiesības paust savu reliģisko pārliecību darba tiesiskajās attiecībās
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2021) Šāberte, Laura; Tarasova, Dace; Palkova, Karina; Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Juridiskā fakultāte, Latvija
    The rights of medical practitioners are broadly defined in both national and international legislation. The scope of the rights of medical practitioners is evolving along with the development of certain sub-sectors of the field of law. One of the topical issues in the context of the exercise of the rights of medical practitioners is the right of medical practitioners to express their religious beliefs from the Labor law perspective. The right of medical practitioners to freedom of religion is to be seen as part of human rights as well. Member States that have acceded to human rights instruments that protect the right to freedom of religion do not have the right to intervene and take coercive measures to change these views. The right to freedom of religion at the level of human rights applies to a medical practitioner as an individual living in a democratic society and as a person with a medical education who is engaged in medical treatment or prevention, diagnosis and treatment, medical rehabilitation and patient care has rights and obligations within the framework of the activity. The aim of the article is to study the right of medical practitioners to express their religious beliefs in employment relations, as well as to identify problematic issues researching the case law of the CJEU and the ECtHR.
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    Ārstniecības personas tiesības paust savu reliģisko pārliecību darba tiesiskajās attiecībās
    (2021) Šāberte, Laura; Tarasova, Dace; Palkova, Karina; Juridiskā fakultāte
    The rights of medical practitioners are broadly defined in both national and international legislation. The scope of the rights of medical practitioners is evolving along with the development of certain sub-sectors of the field of law. One of the topical issues in the context of the exercise of the rights of medical practitioners is the right of medical practitioners to express their religious beliefs from the Labor law perspective. The right of medical practitioners to freedom of religion is to be seen as part of human rights as well. Member States that have acceded to human rights instruments that protect the right to freedom of religion do not have the right to intervene and take coercive measures to change these views. The right to freedom of religion at the level of human rights applies to a medical practitioner as an individual living in a democratic society and as a person with a medical education who is engaged in medical treatment or prevention, diagnosis and treatment, medical rehabilitation and patient care has rights and obligations within the framework of the activity. The aim of the article is to study the right of medical practitioners to express their religious beliefs in employment relations, as well as to identify problematic issues researching the case law of the CJEU and the ECtHR.
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    ĀRSTNIECĪBAS PERSONUTIESISKĀ INFORMĒTĪBAKĀ KVALITATĪVĀSDARBĪBAS PAMATNOTEIKUMS DARBĀ AR NEPILNGADĪGIEMPACIENTIEM
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2018) Palkova, Karina; Lubkina, Velta; Ušča, Svetlana; Zvaigzne, Anda; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Nowadays increasing attention is paidto the issues of the relationships between minor patients and medical personnel. There are several problematical issues in relationships mentioned aboveand one of the most significant is the legal regulationawareness of people providing medical services. The aim ofthe study is to make evaluationof the legal knowledge of medical personnel who work with minor patients and find out the main problems medical personnel deal with in particular area. Material and methods: the first group consisting of 70 medical personnel completed the questionnaire about knowledge of legal regulations by medical personnel.As the result the participants possess the low level of knowledge in providing information to minor patients about their health status. Insufficient knowledge is resulting inlow quality of legal perspective of provided services. And this fact puts medical personnel at risk of being liablefor breaching the laws.
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    Civil Unions (Non – Registered Partnerships) and Patients’ Rights : Problematics and the Future Perspective
    (2021-12-01) Palkova, Karina; Rozentale, Lidija; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Unlike the institution of matrimonial law, which has developed over several hundred years and thus has a solid legal basis, the legal framework for non-registered partnerships is a relatively recent legal phenomenon, which therefore also means that the legal framework in those countries where it is applied is not uniform and there are signifi cant diff erences between diff erent legal systems. Th e legal framework of non-registered partnerships is infl uenced by the traditions, history, culture, religion, and other factors of the country and its population. With the development of non-registered partnerships, new challenges are emerging in various fi elds, including healthcare in terms of ensuring patients’ rights. Th is results in a situation where there is a lack of regulation in society to protect all families, regardless of whether the family is based on a registered or non-registered partnership. Th e purpose of the article is to clarify the role, and importance, as well as crucial problematics of non-registered partnerships from the patients’ point of view. Th e methodological basis of the research includes general theoretical principles of scientifi c knowledge. Th is knowledge provides various aspects in the study of non-registered partnerships and the patients’ rights in healthcare. Th e scientifi c novelty is to identify the essence and importance of the fundamental rights of each person and to clarify the legal problematics of the non-registered partnership institution that infl uence patients’ rights in the decision-making process.
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    Consent to Treatment and Anamnesis as Problem of Communication with Minor Patients in Healthcare Decision-Making
    (2016-08-30) Palkova, Karina; Semaka, Svetlana; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Lately lawyers and medical professionals pay more attention too the process of minor patient healthcare. The research shall address the issues of legal relationship between minor patients and medical professionals, consent to treatment of minor patients and communication problems including the scope of information which the doctor can provide to the minor patient’s relatives to protect themselves and patients. Legislation prescribes that the information provided by the medical professional to the minor patient must be not only easy-to-understand, but also be consistent with the patient’s age maturity. However, in Latvia, for example, there are no guidelines that specify how medical professionals can determine the patient’s maturity. In the course of provision of medical services to the minor persons legal disputes involving communiucation failures between the minor patients, their relatives, legal representatives and the doctors arise increasingly frequently. The research will look into issue of communication problems in healthcare. The aim of the research is to provide insight into challenges of legal relations betweem minor patients and medical professionals and communication problems in healthcare.
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    Criminological Aspects of Current Cyber Security
    (2022-10-13) Vilks, Andrejs; Kipāne, Aldona; Kudeikina, Inga; Palkova, Karina; Grasis, Jānis; Juridiskā fakultāte
    Purpose]To analyzethe criminological features of the sensitivity of security in the cyber space on the basis of theoretical and empirical bases.[Methodology]In order to evaluate the criminological aspects of the phenomenon under study, theoretical guidelines, special literature, opinions of national and foreign specialists, research papers and periodicals are analyzed. The following scientific research methods have been used in the development of the study: content analysis, analytical, inductive and deductive approaches,as well as systematic analysis of documents, generalization and forecasting.[Findings]The authors conclude that the cyber culture and behaviour of the society need to be improved. This would reduce the potential harm of an individual’s interests and would raise an individual’s understanding of cyber hygiene. An important direction of victimological prevention of cybercrime is a set of systematic and targeted measures to inform people on behaviour of a potential criminal, identifying him/her and personal protective measures and methods to avoid becoming a victim of cyber violations.[Practical Implications]The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers engaged in the development of lectures, seminars, assignments for independent work
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    Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums un tā problemātika Latvijas Republikā. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2024) Tarasova, Dace; Palkova, Karina
    Promocijas darba ietvaros tika izpētīts darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums un tā problemātika Latvijas Republikā. Pētījuma novitāti pamato apstākļi, ka šobrīd Latvijas Republikā pastāvošais tiesiskais regulējums darba tiesību, konkrēti, darba tiesisko attiecību, izbeigšanās gadījumā nav aktualizēts. Tiesiskā regulējuma neaktualizēšana rada tādu problēmsituāciju rašanos, ka pastāv neskaidrības gan no darba devēju, gan darbinieku puses, kā attiecīgais tiesiskais regulējums tiek piemērots. Vienlaikus arī no vispārējās jurisdikcijas tiesām pastāv dažāda tiesību normu interpretācija, kas rezultējas ar to, ka tiek veidota atšķirīga un nevienlīdzīga tiesu prakse un pastāv disonanse starp Darba likuma (DL) reglamentēto darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanu un tiesu prakses piemērošanu. Promocijas darba mērķis ir veikt darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās problēmjautājumu izpēti darba tiesību sociālās funkcijas kontekstā, kā arī sniegt teorētiskus un praktiskus priekšlikumus to risināšanai. Tiesiskie priekšstati, pēc kuriem tradicionāli darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās sakņojas tiesību subjekta (gan darba devēja, gan darbinieka) individuālā izpratnē par savām tiesībām, ignorē šī jautājuma sociālos aspektus, kas skar daudz plašāku tiesību subjektu loku, t. i., tiesiskie priekšstati nav fokusēti uz darba tiesību sociālo funkciju. Pētījums apliecina, ka pašlaik darba tiesību sociālās funkcijas nepilnīgi izmantotais potenciāls noved pie darba strīdiem, kas kopumā traucē stabilai valsts sociāli ekonomiskajai attīstībai. Nepieciešamību pētīt darba tiesības, konkrēti, darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanos sociālās funkcijas potenciāla kontekstā, ir izraisījuši vairāki ar darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanos saistīti aktuāli jautājumi, kas prasa tūlītējus un mūsdienu sabiedrības vajadzībām atbilstošus tiesiskos risinājumus. Nepieciešams pilnveidot darba devēja un darbinieka uzteikumu īstenošanas procesu, proti, novērst iespējamos tiesiskā regulējuma trūkumus, lai samazinātu darbinieka un darba devēja savstarpējo domstarpību rašanās iespējamību darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanas gadījumos. Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās problemātika dažādās šķautnēs visspilgtāk tiek identificēta darba devēja kā sociāli atbildīgas personas gribas aktā un uzteikumos, pamatojoties uz apstākļiem, kas saistīti ar darbinieka uzvedību. Savukārt darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās iemeslu izpēte norāda uz darba tiesību mijiedarbību ar darba aizsardzības tiesisko regulējumu, tostarp darba vides problemātiku. Pētījumā identificēto problēmu pamatā ir trūkumi un neprecizitātes tiesību aktos un modernās pasaules transformētā izpratne par darba tiesību izbeigšanās mehānismiem. Darba tiesību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums nav modernizēts, bet tiesību sistēma ir papildināta ar tiesību aktiem, kas pastarpināti atstāj būtisku ietekmi uz darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās sociālo aspektu. Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās nenotiek izolētā vidē, uz tiem attiecas un tiem ir piemērojami tiesību akti, kas regulē nodarbinātības jautājumus plašākā izpratnē, piemēram, cilvēkkapitāla problemātiku, sudraba ekonomiku, uzņēmējdarbību, tautsaimniecības ilgtspējīgu attīstību un citus. Autores piedāvātie normatīvo aktu grozījumi nodrošinātu, ka DL reglamentētās tiesību normas tiktu interpretētas vienlīdzīgi gan no darba devēju, gan darbinieku, gan arī vispārējās jurisdikcijas tiesu puses. Piedāvātie normatīvo aktu grozījumi sekmētu, ka darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās gadījumā pastāvēs mazāk strīdu starp darba devēju un darbinieku, savukārt tiesu prakse tiktu veidota vienlīdzīgāk, analoģiski interpretējot tiesību normas darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās gadījumā.
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    Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums un tā problemātika Latvijas Republikā. Promocijas darbs
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2024) Tarasova, Dace; Palkova, Karina
    Promocijas darba ietvaros tika izpētīts darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums un tā problemātika Latvijas Republikā. Pētījuma novitāti pamato apstākļi, ka šobrīd Latvijas Republikā pastāvošais tiesiskais regulējums darba tiesību, konkrēti, darba tiesisko attiecību, izbeigšanās gadījumā nav aktualizēts. Tiesiskā regulējuma neaktualizēšana rada tādu problēmsituāciju rašanos, ka pastāv neskaidrības gan no darba devēju, gan darbinieku puses, kā attiecīgais tiesiskais regulējums tiek piemērots. Vienlaikus arī no vispārējās jurisdikcijas tiesām pastāv dažāda tiesību normu interpretācija, kas rezultējas ar to, ka tiek veidota atšķirīga un nevienlīdzīga tiesu prakse un pastāv disonanse starp Darba likuma (DL) reglamentēto darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanu un tiesu prakses piemērošanu. Promocijas darba mērķis ir veikt darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās problēmjautājumu izpēti darba tiesību sociālās funkcijas kontekstā, kā arī sniegt teorētiskus un praktiskus priekšlikumus to risināšanai. Tiesiskie priekšstati, pēc kuriem tradicionāli darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās sakņojas tiesību subjekta (gan darba devēja, gan darbinieka) individuālā izpratnē par savām tiesībām, ignorē šī jautājuma sociālos aspektus, kas skar daudz plašāku tiesību subjektu loku, t. i., tiesiskie priekšstati nav fokusēti uz darba tiesību sociālo funkciju. Pētījums apliecina, ka pašlaik darba tiesību sociālās funkcijas nepilnīgi izmantotais potenciāls noved pie darba strīdiem, kas kopumā traucē stabilai valsts sociāli ekonomiskajai attīstībai. Nepieciešamību pētīt darba tiesības, konkrēti, darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanos sociālās funkcijas potenciāla kontekstā, ir izraisījuši vairāki ar darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanos saistīti aktuāli jautājumi, kas prasa tūlītējus un mūsdienu sabiedrības vajadzībām atbilstošus tiesiskos risinājumus. Nepieciešams pilnveidot darba devēja un darbinieka uzteikumu īstenošanas procesu, proti, novērst iespējamos tiesiskā regulējuma trūkumus, lai samazinātu darbinieka un darba devēja savstarpējo domstarpību rašanās iespējamību darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanas gadījumos. Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās problemātika dažādās šķautnēs visspilgtāk tiek identificēta darba devēja kā sociāli atbildīgas personas gribas aktā un uzteikumos, pamatojoties uz apstākļiem, kas saistīti ar darbinieka uzvedību. Savukārt darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās iemeslu izpēte norāda uz darba tiesību mijiedarbību ar darba aizsardzības tiesisko regulējumu, tostarp darba vides problemātiku. Pētījumā identificēto problēmu pamatā ir trūkumi un neprecizitātes tiesību aktos un modernās pasaules transformētā izpratne par darba tiesību izbeigšanās mehānismiem. Darba tiesību izbeigšanās tiesiskais regulējums nav modernizēts, bet tiesību sistēma ir papildināta ar tiesību aktiem, kas pastarpināti atstāj būtisku ietekmi uz darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās sociālo aspektu. Darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās nenotiek izolētā vidē, uz tiem attiecas un tiem ir piemērojami tiesību akti, kas regulē nodarbinātības jautājumus plašākā izpratnē, piemēram, cilvēkkapitāla problemātiku, sudraba ekonomiku, uzņēmējdarbību, tautsaimniecības ilgtspējīgu attīstību un citus. Autores piedāvātie normatīvo aktu grozījumi nodrošinātu, ka DL reglamentētās tiesību normas tiktu interpretētas vienlīdzīgi gan no darba devēju, gan darbinieku, gan arī vispārējās jurisdikcijas tiesu puses. Piedāvātie normatīvo aktu grozījumi sekmētu, ka darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās gadījumā pastāvēs mazāk strīdu starp darba devēju un darbinieku, savukārt tiesu prakse tiktu veidota vienlīdzīgāk, analoģiski interpretējot tiesību normas darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanās gadījumā.
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    Description of the Concept of Medical Technologies and Devices in Latvia in the Context of Robotics
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte / Rīga Stradiņš University, 2020) Palkova, Karina; Žukovs, Artūrs; Rīga Stradiņš University, Latvia
    Nowadays one of the topical issues, from legal point of view, is technologies and robotics technologies and devices. Technologies and robotics technologies and devices have become dominant in various areas including business, banking sector and healthcare. Technologies influence every aspect of daily life of modern society at home and work. Technologies, considering development of robotics, have a huge potential to transform public and private sectors. They provide modern and safe levels of services in various forms. The impact of technologies and robotics technologies will grow over time [11]. The article is devoted to definition of legal study of technologies and medical technologies and correlation between particular definitions with the definition of robotics in Latvia. General conclusions related to legal study of the subject shows lack of correct definition of medical technologies and unclear understanding of robotics technologies, artificial intelligence based medical devices from medical care perspective.
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    Description of the Concept of Medical Technologies and Devices in Latvia in the Context of Robotics
    (2020-01-01) Palkova, Karina; Žukovs, Artūrs; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Nowadays one of the topical issues, from legal point of view, is technologies and robotics technologies and devices. Technologies and robotics technologies and devices have become dominant in various areas including business, banking sector and healthcare. Technologies influence every aspect of daily life of modern society at home and work. Technologies, considering development of robotics, have a huge potential to transform public and private sectors. They provide modern and safe levels of services in various forms. The impact of technologies and robotics technologies will grow over time [11]. The article is devoted to definition of legal study of technologies and medical technologies and correlation between particular definitions with the definition of robotics in Latvia. General conclusions related to legal study of the subject shows lack of correct definition of medical technologies and unclear understanding of robotics technologies, artificial intelligence based medical devices from medical care perspective. Raksts veltīts sabiedrībai aktuālas tēmas izpētei – par straujās tehnoloģiskās attīstības iespaidā radīto jauno robotisko un mākslīgā intelekta vadīto ierīču izmantošanas regulējuma nepieciešamību tiesību subjektu tiesisko attiecību sakārtošanai. Rakstā analizēts veselības aprūpē izmantojamo daudzfunkcionālo iekārtu lietošanas tiesiskais regulējums, kā arī tā ietekme uz pacientu tiesību ievērošanu. Robotikas tehnoloģijas un ierīces tiek aktīvi izmantotas veselības aprūpes procesā, it īpaši diagnostikā. Šīs tehnoloģijas ietekmē gandrīz visus mūsdienu sabiedrības ikdienas aspektus un ir kļuvušas par dominējošām dažādās jomās, tostarp uzņēmējdarbībā, banku sektorā un veselības aprūpē. Ņemot vērā robotikas attīstību, šīm tehnoloģijām ir milzīgs potenciāls gan publiskajā, gan arī privātajā sektorā. Laika gaitā robotikas tehnoloģiju ietekme pieaugs, un pieaugs arī tiesiskā aspektā pētāmo problēmjautājumu klāsts. Līdz ar to ļoti svarīga ir tehnoloģiju un medicīnas tehnoloģiju juridisko problēmjautājumu definēšana, korelācija starp konkrētām definīcijām, kā arī robotikas definīcija Latvijā. Vispārīgi secināms, ka medicīnisko tehnoloģiju jomā trūkst skaidru definīciju, kas sniedz nepārprotamu izpratni par robotikas tehnoloģijām, mākslīgā intelekta robottehnoloģijām, medicīnas ierīcēm u.c. Mūsdienās tehnoloģiju jautājums un konkrēta segmenta attīstība nākotnē ir būtiska no juridiskā viedokļa. Piemēram, attīstoties medicīnas tehnoloģijām, kas balstītas uz mākslīgā intelekta sistēmām, novērojams liels potenciāls diagnostikas kontekstā. Taču tehnoloģiskais progress šobrīd ir daudz straujāks nekā jauno tiesību attīstība. Joprojām aktuāls ir jautājums par nākotnes tiesisko regulējumu un esošo tiesisko regulējumu, tā interpretāciju medicīnas tehnoloģiju, ierīču jomā. Medicīniskām ierīcēm, piedāvājot novatoriskus risinājumus profilaksei, novērošanai, prognozēšanai utt., ir būtiska loma veselības aprūpē. Nacionālajos un starptautiskajos tiesību aktos vērojamas vairākas pieejas, lai atbalstītu tehnoloģiju attīstību veselības aprūpē. Taču problēma ir noteikt, vai Latvijā pastāv atšķirība starp medicīnas tehnoloģiju, robotikas tehnoloģiju un ierīču definīciju. Jāatzīst, ka robottehnoloģiju, mākslīgā intelekta ierīču tiesiskais regulējums Latvijā šobrīd nav pilnīgs, kaut arī jauno robottehnoloģiju un mākslīgā intelekta ierīču izgudrošanas, ražošanas un pielietošanas iespaidā tiesiskā regulējuma pilnveides nepieciešamība arvien palielinās.
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    DOKTORANTŪRAS KVALITĀTE : IZAICINĀJUMI UN NĀKOTNES PERSPEKTĪVAS
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2020) Palkova, Karina; Lubkina, Velta; Indriksons, Alens; Rīga Stradiņš University
    The doctorate studies are one of the highest degrees given by a university. Doctoral studies provide students with training in research techniques. The doctoral studies involves the presentation and preparation of the most value activity named as doctoral thesis. There are a lot of doctoral programmes whose specific objectives are to train researchers to successfully address the challenges of new researched science ECT. Nevertheless the global tendency shows that doctoral studies must be transformed to promote innovative and comprehensive research degree and the particular system of the doctoral study process. The aim of the study is to research the key issues of the quality of doctoral studies from the perspective of innovation and digitalization era in educational system in Europe as a whole and in Latvia.
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    Ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence in healthcare from the sustainable development perspective
    (2021) Leimanis, Anrī; Palkova, Karina; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in variety of areas has encouraged an extensive global discourse on the underlying ethical principles and values. With the rapid AI development process and its near instant global coverage, the issues of applicable ethical principles and guidelines have become vital. AI promises to deliver a lot of advantages to economic, social and educational fields. Since AI is also increasingly applied in healthcare and medical education areas, ethical application issues are growing ever more important. Ethical and social issues raised by AI in healthcare overlap with those raised by personal data use, function automation, reliance on assistive medical technologies and the so-called ‘telehealth’. Without well-grounded ethical guidelines or even regulatory framework in respect of the AI in healthcare several legal and ethical problems at the implementational level can arise. In order to facilitate further discussion about the ethical principles and responsibilities of educational system in healthcare using AI and to potentially arrive at a consensus concerning safe and desirable uses of AI in healthcare education, this paper performs an evaluation of the self-imposed AI ethical guidelines identifying the common principles and approaches as well as drawbacks limiting the practical and legal application of internal policies. The main aim of the research is to encourage integration of theoretical studies and policy studies on sustainability issues in correlation between healthcare and technologies, the AI ethical perspective.
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    Handbook for Academic and Scientific Institutions: Improve Risk Management and Institutional Resilience in the face of Security Threats
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2024) Palkova, Karina; Palkova, Aleksandra; Rakstins, Vitālijs; Juļa, Lidija; Filipenko, Nataliia; Lukashevych, Serhii; Andrieieva, Olena; Rīga Stradiņš University, Latvia; National Aerospace University – “Kharkiv Aviation Institute” NAU “KhAI”, Ukraine
    Science and academia have long been shaped by international competition, providing nations with strategic advantages in economic, technological, and military domains. Today, as globalization intensifies, academic and research institutions face complex security challenges, including cyber threats, foreign interference, and hybrid warfare. These risks jeopardize intellectual property, research integrity, and institutional autonomy. To address these threats, institutions must implement robust internal risk management systems, minimize vulnerabilities in supply chains, and reduce dependency on foreign actors. Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly adopting an entrepreneurial approach, balancing traditional academic missions with the need to generate revenue, enhance global competitiveness, and build resilience. This "entrepreneurial university" concept aligns economic goals with academic innovation, enabling HEIs to adapt to globalization while maintaining their reputations and operational independence. Transnational education, student mobility, and international collaborations highlight these trends, underscoring the need for strong governance, quality assurance, and cultural adaptability. This handbook, developed through Latvian-Ukrainian collaboration, offers a comprehensive framework to strengthen risk management and resilience in academic and research environments. It draws on Ukraine’s experiences in maintaining educational continuity during conflict, providing actionable insights for institutions globally. Key areas include: * Advanced Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating institution-specific risks. Institutional Resilience: Strengthening infrastructure, personnel, and research systems. Security and Continuity Planning: Ensuring crisis preparedness and operational continuity. Case Studies: Practical applications from real-world scenarios. The handbook emphasizes a proactive approach, urging institutions to establish governance structures, designate risk managers, and foster a security-conscious culture. By adopting these practices, academic and research institutions can safeguard their missions, protect intellectual assets, and build resilience against emerging challenges in a rapidly changing global landscape.
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    Human Rights and Labour Standards from the Public Health Perspective in the World Trade Organization : Challenges and Possible Solutions
    (2020-07-24) Palkova, Karina; Abuseridze, Giga; Juridiskā fakultāte
    This study investigates the effects of the interaction between labor standards and human rights that has become a key issue in the World Trade organization. Policy makers gradually developed new rules to achieve both trade and human rights objectives. England signed treaties with the U.S., Portugal, Denmark and Sweden to ban trade in slaves ect. The trade labour linkage has a long history. It has become one of the most contentious contemporary issues in trade and labour policy circles and debates.
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    Improving cybersecurity measures in academic institutions to reduce the risk of foreign influence
    (2024-09-01) Rakstiņš, Vitālijs; Palkova, Karina; Juļa, Lidija; Filipenko, Natalia; Rīga Stradiņš University; Faculty of Social Sciences
    Academic as well as scientific institutions are essential for advancing knowledge and innovation, but they are increasingly susceptible to foreign interference, which can compromise research integrity, academic freedom and national security. Increased remote work and study, large data volumes and disruptive technologies like Artifitial intelligence I have created new avenues for cyber threats. This article aims to explore the cyber risks associated with foreign influence on academic institutions specifically and suggest effective mitigation strategies. Foreign interference can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive research data, resulting in espionage, manipulation and lost commercialization opportunities. Dependence on foreign digital systems heightens these risks, including the potential loss of access to research data stored in third-party clouds. Furthermore, cyber interference can disrupt academic work, impacting online learning platforms and administrative systems. Common cyber threats, such as cyber-technology attacks and insider threats, underscore the need for strong cybersecurity measures.
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    Insurance of Medical Personnel Professional Responsibility as a Form of Legal and Social Responsibility
    (2016-12-30) Kudeikina, Inga; Palkova, Karina; Juridiskā fakultāte; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Medical professionals are not protected from patients` action in the case of medical negligence or mistake. Anytime patient can file a medical malpractice claim against medical professional. Nowadays medical negligence claims and mistakes are increasing. The progress of medical law shows, that patients more often use the rights and legal options to protect their interests and fundamental rights. The scope of the freedom of medical professionals is limited. They have to act in accordance with certain standards or an artificially created frame and in the best interests of their patients and protect constitutional rights of each patient. In case when medical professionals make mistakes and the patients are harmed due to that claims can be brought. Medical professionals must have insurance or indemnity to protect themselves, but patients also need it. Patients' rights and possibility to compensate damage depends on how good and qualitative the medical professional liability insurance or indemnity is. Furthermore, medical professional's mistake is his or her own ethical, prestige and social responsibility in front of the patients' issue. In order to protect medical professionals and patients the medical professional insurance system has to cover healthcare practice and provide professional protection against the financial consequences of legal liability, as well as possible moral compensation. The objective of the paper is to present a summary of medical professional insurance system in Latvia. The article will provide information about what legal mechanisms shall be improved in order to optimize medical professionals` insurance system and patients' rights to receive compensation.
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    Integrating Renewable Energy Solutions in Small-Scale Industrial Facilities
    (2024-06) Zemite, Laila; Kozadajevs, Jevgenijs; Jansons, Leo; Bode, Ilmars; Dzelzitis, Egils; Palkova, Karina; Faculty of Social Sciences
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the economical suitability of numerous on-site renewable electricity generation technologies which were intended to be used in a recently built industrial facility designed and utilized as a warehouse. The facility was located in the vicinity of Riga, Latvia. Data were collected and calculations were performed within the scope of the project “Mitigating Energy Poverty through Innovative Solutions” as part of several planned activities to address the broad spectrum of energy poverty and self-reliance issues in both the residential sector and small-scale industrial facilities. During the project, evaluations of various renewable energy technologies, including PV installations, wind energy installations, battery storage solutions, and hybrid technologies, were carried out. The aim of these evaluations was to develop an electricity production–consumption model for efficient and cost-effective energy use and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the test facility. A model was created and subsequent research scenarios were developed based on a payback period instead of the net present value criterion. The project was carried out over several steps to develop a calculation methodology. The open access databases of energy resource providers were used to evaluate statistical data and make forecasts for the analysis of the electricity consumption of companies. MATLAB/Simulink 23/2 was used for the data analysis, and the H-TEC method was employed. This made it possible to modulate the required production capacity as the model allowed for the addition of new modules to modules already installed. The project results proved that despite high initial investment costs, renewable energy sources and efficient storage systems can provide cost-effective solutions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels in the long term.
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    Interdisciplinary Simulation-Based Education Curriculums on Patient Rights : For the Safety of Healthcare Professionals and Patients
    (2024-08-01) Slavinska, Andreta; Šāberte, Laura; Birzniece, Marika Daila; Grigoroviča, Evita; Edelmers, Edgars; Palkova, Karina; Pētersons, Aigars; Medical Education Technology Centre; Faculty of Social Sciences; Rīga Stradiņš University
    In 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) published the document “Charter: Health Worker Safety: a Priority for Patient Safety,” which emphasised the importance of enhancing health worker safety to improve patient safety. The significance of patient safety remains undiminished, as evidenced by the recent WHO document, “Patient Safety Rights Charter” (2024), which encompasses critical aspects of patient rights. It must be acknowledged that patient safety is intricately linked to the domain of patient rights, which underpins the necessity for healthcare professionals to possess interdisciplinary competence to effectively fulfil their duties and provide comprehensive patient care. However, it is essential to accurately determine and justify the specific knowledge and skills from other fields that are necessary for healthcare professionals. Moreover, healthcare specialists must not only acquire knowledge but also develop the ability to apply and integrate it into professional practice—participation in interdisciplinary clinical simulations that incorporate aspects of patient rights enables learners to think and act in clinical situations according to generally accepted algorithms and evidence-based practices, while considering the legal aspects of patients' rights. This study was carried out at the Medical Education Technology Centre, Rīga Stradiņš University, between 2023 and 2024, involving 107 residents from different specialties. The survey results reflect a strong interest and positive attitude towards interdisciplinary simulation-based training on patient rights, with participants emphasising its significance and value in enhancing resident education, highlighting the need for its continued and expanded implementation.
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    Legal Framework Regulating Termination of Employment Relationship and Its Challenges in the Republic of Latvia. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2024) Tarasova, Dace; Palkova, Karina
    In the framework of the doctoral thesis, the legal regulation of termination of employment legal relations and its problems in the Republic of Latvia were analysed. The novelty of the research is that the current legal regulation in the Republic of Latvia of termination of labour rights, especially, employment legal relations, has not been advanced. Failure to advance the legal framework creates problematic situations where disputes of employers and employees are being made regarding which rule of law to apply. At the same time, in the courts of general jurisdiction, there are a different interpretation of legal norms, which results in the creation of different and unequal judicial practice and there is a dissonance between the termination of employment legal relations regulated by the Labour Law and the application of judicial practice. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to research the problems regarding the termination of employment legal relations in the context of the social function of Labour law, as well as to provide theoretical and practical proposals for problems that were identified. The legal concepts, according to which the termination of the legal employment relationships are traditionally rooted in the individual understanding of the legal subject (both employer and employee) about their rights, ignore the social aspects of this issue, that affects a much wider range of legal subjects – legal concepts are not focused on the social function of Labour law. This research confirms that currently incompletely used potential of the social function of labour law, creates disputes about the labour, that, in general, affects countries stable social – economic development. The necessity to study labour law and, specifically, the termination of employment legal relations in the context of the potential of the social function, has been caused by a number of current issues related to the termination of employment legal relations, that requires immediate legal solutions for modern society needs. It is necessary to improve the process of implementing notices between the employer and the employee, that is, to eliminate the possible shortcomings of the legal framework in order to reduce the possibility of mutual disagreements between the employee and the employer in cases of termination of employment legal relations. The issue of the termination of employment legal relations in various aspects is vividly identified in the will and notices of the employer, as a socially responsible person, based on the circumstances related to the employee’s behaviour. On the other hand, the research of the reasons for the termination of employment legal relations shows the interaction of labour law with the legal regulation of labour protection, including the problems of the working environment. The problems identified in this doctoral thesis are based on deficiencies and inaccuracies in legislation and the modern worlds transformed understanding of the mechanisms of termination of labour rights. The legal regulation of the termination of employment rights has not been modernized, but the legal system has been supplemented with legal acts that temporarily have a significant impact on the social aspect of the termination of legal relations. Termination of employment legal relations does not take place in an isolated environment, they are subject and have applicable laws that regulate employment issues in a broader sense, such as human capital issues, silver economy, entrepreneurship, sustainable development of the national economy and others. The legislative amendments proposed by the author, would ensure that the legal norms regulated by the Labour law would be interpreted equally by both parties – employers and employees, as well as by courts of general jurisdiction. Authors proposed legislative amendments would solve that there will be fewer disputes between the employer and the employee in cases of termination of the employment legal relationship, while court practice would be created more equally.