Browsing by Author "Pļaviņa, Liāna"
Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Analysis of dietary behaviour in physically active persons’ cohort(EDP Sciences, 2024) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Umbraško, Silvija; Asare, Lāsma; Lindemanis, Gints; Vilka, L.; Krumina, J.; Department of Morphology; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Statistics UnitPhysical and psychological load need dietary support of energy by balanced diet. Dietary intake influences physical fitness and training performance outcomes of participants. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nutrition behaviour from physically active persons and impact of nutrition knowledge on their nutritional behaviour. Respondents were at the age of 22-35 years. Respondents of study group got general knowledge about balanced diet in the nutritional education course. Respondents of the study group fulfilled the standardized questionnaire ‘Diet 3-day menu diary’ and standardized survey ‘Physical activity during the current life period before and after nutritional education course. That allows researchers to evaluate the balance between daily intake for energy recovery and daily physical activity as energy expenditure. The study was carried out according to ethical rules for obtaining and processing data. All obtained data was anonymised. The results of the study could be used to develop appropriate diet planning during the pre-training period before planning physical exercises with high physical and psycho-emotional load to improve exercise performance.Item Anthropometric characteristics of females in different age groups in Latvia from childhood to adulthood(2019) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Kārkliņa, Helena; Umbraško, Silvija; Stankeviča, Jekaterīna; Kachlik, David; Department of Morphology; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in main anthropometric parameters such as height, body mass, and body circumferences (chest, upper arm) in different age groups from childhood to adulthood in healthy females in Latvia and to determine the active growing age periods and the impact of tobacco use on anthropometric parameters. We provided a health well-being questionnaire concerning lifestyle and tobacco use. In the present study, we assessed the body mass index (BMI) values to identify body mass index-defined overweight and obesity. The levels of the body mass index exceeded the standard data only in a small number of the examined persons. Body composition data and the body mass index are used as an index of obesity as a standard practice by many clinicians according the recommendations of health authorities as a basis for health behaviour and physical activities to preserve physical and mental health. A significant correlation has been previously reported between anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and health capacity. The study data were collected with the participants’ informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistics program. The body mass index is the respondents’ major characteristic which describes the physical condition and nutrition level in any age group. Tobacco use by the mother during the pregnancy period has an influence on the child’s body mass and body mass index values that were fixed for girls in the 1st and 2nd childhood periods. Intensive increase in anthropometric parameters was observed during the transition from the adolescence to the youth period.Item Anthropometric parameters and biochemical markers of military personnel under the influence of high physical and psychological loads(2019-08-01) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Mackevičs, Vitolds; Smagare, Silva; Čakstiņš, Andris; Stankeviča, Jekaterina; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Faculty of MedicinePhysical fitness, health, and physical endurance are important attributes of persons in military. The purpose of the present study was to assess the changes of anthropometric parameters and of biochemical markers in blood serum for participants of a one-week combat training course (CTC) during which participants had high physical and psychological loads in combination with dietary limitation and sleep deprivation. High physical and psychological loads cause changes in the level of biochemical markers that are indicative of musculoskeletal system dysfunction. The study group included participants (n = 59) of both genders aged 23 to 30 years. Anthropometric parameters (body mass, height, body mass index) were determined. Blood plasma analyses were done before and directly after CTC. Biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) were measured. Data were analysed by using SPSS 20. We determined levels of anthropometric parameters before, during and after a combat training course. The body mass decreased during the one-week training course, until the sixth day of combat training course, when the peak of physical and emotional stress was reached. The level of biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase sharply increased after the combat training course. A high physical load caused changes in biochemical markers, indicating musculoskeletal dysfunction in healthy young persons. The study underlines the importance of checking the health status of military personnel before and after exercises with high physical and psychological loads in order to prevent major health disorders in the combat environment.Item Anthropometrics parameters for Latvian women in the age over 40 years(2017-09-18) Stankeviča, Jekaterina; Pļaviņa, Liāna; Umbraško, Silvija; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the anthropometrics parameters for the evaluation of overweight and obesity in adult population that is one of the risk factor for metabolic disorders and cardio-vascular pathology. The target of our study is to describe the variations of anthropometric parameters of the Latvian women population. The present paper includes the analysis of data of 200 women in the age 40–65 years. We evaluated the anthropometrics indicators in Latvian women in the age over 40 years, various somatometric measurements – height (cm), the body mass (kg), the circumference of the waist and hips (cm) – and calculated the mean parameters, the Body Mass Index and the Waist Hip Ratio. The respondents of the study group were divided into five age subgroups. We provided the analysis of anthropometric data, compared them with the data from other European countries. We have fixed the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the examined women groups and proposed potential activities to reduce them.Item Assessment of body composition and the anthropometric parameters of the military personnel during high physical load exercises(2017-07-04) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Vellere, Natalija; Umbraško, Silvija; Department of Morphology; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyMilitary activities are characterized with high physical endurance exercises and the psychological load. The cadets of the last study year participate in the combat training course lasting for ten days. The combat training course is a challenge for military officers. It is characterized with the transition from the daily military study process routine in the National Defence Academy to military exercises in the external environment. The cadets face feeding limitation, sleeping deprivation, intensive and continuous training, strict discipline, etc. Such a situation requires the adaptation to a novel way of activity, which includes hardships and arduous training. We provided the assessment of the body mass fluctuation during the combat training course. We provided the analysis of anthropometric parameters before, during and after the combat training course, summarized the data of the health statement and health problems that are fixed in the medical cards. The proper body mass supports the good health capacity. The body composition undergoes changes during the higher physical load performance. The analysis of the average value of the body mass and the Body Mass Index have shown large individual changes inside the groups. Physical fitness and body composition have an adverse effect on military performance. The assessment of the results of physical fitness tests is provided differentially according to the individual corresponding age subgroup. The military personnel have a high risk for the health concerning the impact of external and internal factors. According to the review of the medical cards of the cadets group we indicated the main problems which are fixed after the combat training course. These are acute respiratory infections, dermatological problems, locomotor system problems, gastro-intestinal problems.Item Comparative Analysis of Anthropometric Parameters and Body Composition of Patients with Breast Cancer and Healthy Women in the Postmenopausal Period(2021-07-22) Stankeviča, Jekaterīna; Pļaviņa, Liāna; Bahs, Guntis; Umbraško, Silvija; Duļevska, Ilva; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Department of Internal DiseasesAccording to a statistical review (2018) in Latvia, there are more than one thousand women (n =1266) with the diagnosis of breast cancer. Assessments of anthropometrical parameters weremade according to the World Health Organisation recommendations for morbidity risk analysis.The aim of the study was to determine the differences and changes of anthropometric parametersand indices in a control group and in a clinical group (initial oncological diagnosis without treat-ment intervention). We examined women in their postmenopausal period. The control group in-cluded apparently healthy women (n = 181) and the clinical group included women (n = 44) withinitial oncological diagnosis (breast cancer 1stand 2ndstage). In order to assess body anthro-pometric characteristics we used the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/heightratio and skin fold thickness measurement. The study results were assessed using statisticalanalyses in the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 software: Shapiro–Wilk andMann–Whitney tests with a two-tailedp-value < 0.05). The analysis of statistical data showedthat, despite the low number of patients in the clinical group, we found a significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold thickness abovem. biceps brachii, skinfold thickness abovem. triceps bra-chii, and subscapular and suprailiac skin fold thickness in this group.Item Correlation of body mass index and lung volume in 3-7 year-old children in Rīga pre-school educational institutions(2020) Martinsone-Bērzkalne, Liene; Umbraško, Silvija; Duļevska, Ilva; Pļaviņa, Liāna; Cīrule, Viktorija; Oginska, Anita; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyThe number of people with excess weight increases every year. Overweight and obesity in childhood can cause several chronic diseases in adulthood. Children with excess body mass develop more morphological and functional changes, including pulmonary functions. One of the common methods to assess lung function is spirometry. This method is a challenge in assessing lung function for pre-school age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index for the pre-school children aged 3–7 years in Rīga. In total 995 pre-school children were included in the study. An informative consent and questionnaire about the development of each individual child was filled in by parents. Several measurements were performed, including height, body mass, and lung vital capacity. This is the first study in Latvia where several morphologic and somatometric measurements were determined in children of pre-school age. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between lung vital capacity and body height, mass, and chest circumference. The correlation between lung vital capacity and body mass index was not statistically significant. The main results do not differ from the results of similar studies in other countries. The obtained results will help to create a standard of morphological and somatometric parameters in pre-school aged children in Rīga region.Item Evaluation of the Impact of Nutrition Knowledge on Nutrition Behaviour and Diet in a Physically Active Person's Cohort(2023-04-01) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Umbraško, Silvija; Asare, Lāsma; Edelmers, Edgars; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Statistics UnitSpecific high physical and psychological load energy expenditure should be covered by balanced diet that is adapted to physical load. Food intake is one of the vital processes that support body activity and maintain physical working capacity in special environment. Various objective and subjective factors have an impact on body energy expenditure and determine a definite amount of food energy. Dietary intake influences the readiness and training performance outcome. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diet of physically active persons before and after a nutritional education course and determine the impact of nutrition knowledge on nutrition behaviour and diet in two subgroups: respondents with a standard BMI level (BMI < 25, in the interval 18.5-24.9) and overweight respondents with BMI ³ 25, in the interval 25.0-29.9. Participants aged 22-35 years, who had daily physical activity and physical load, were selected for the study group. We divided respondents into two subgroups: respondents with standard BMI level (BMI < 25; BMI in the interval 18.5-24.9) and overweight respondents with BMI ³ 25 (BMI in the interval 25.0-29.9). Nutritional education course included the theoretical part (lectures) and practical part (dietary diary self-assessment) as well as a quiz that allow to evaluate nutrition knowledge level in the selected cohort of respondents with BMI < 25 and BMI ³ 25. We provided intervention before and after a nutritional education course by using the standardised questionnaire "Diet 3-day menu diary"and standardised survey "Physical activity during the current life period", which allowed to evaluate the balance between the daily intake for energy recovery and daily physical activity as energy expenditure. We determined the value of the main dietary components (protein (%), carbohydrates (%) and fat (%), as well the total amount of energy (kcal) in the diet before the nutritional education course (Diet 1st) and after the nutritional education course (Diet 2nd) in the selected cohort of respondents with BMI < 25 and BMI ³ 25. The study group participants preferred a diet with a higher amount of fat and lower amount of carbohydrates compared with nutritional recommendation for general population. There were no significant differences in Diet 1st components between overweight and standard BMI groups. Analysis of post-course (Diet 2nd) dietary diary showed a statistically exact significance of fat level (%) and carbohydrate level (%), and no statistically approved changes in protein level (%) intake. Nutritional knowledge of the study group participants after the nutritional education course was evaluated by using a standardised test in points (1-10), which showed that about 60% of the respondents received an assessment "good". The results of the study can be used to develop optimal diet planning during the pre-training period before planning physical exercises with high physical and psycho-emotional load, in order to benefit physical exercise performance.Item Healthy diet and regular physical activities for support endurance and fitness(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022-05) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Vronska, Natalja; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityBalanced diet and regular physical activities are essential for support health status, physical fitness and endurance, and decrease the risk of health disorders and morbidity. Balanced diet that cover physiological requirements and needs is a very important for support physical fitness and improve the quality of recovering processes after physical load. Knowledge and skills of individuals allow making good and right choice of daily essential nutrients and keeping optimal health status and improve physical endurance. The aim of the study to analyse cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education on the base of questionnaire and elaborate adapted to respondents. Cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education analysed on the base of questionnaire that elaborated and adapted to respondents of study group. The study group included 73 persons of both gender (male N= 65, and female N= 7) in aged from 20 years until 35 years. Questionnaire included 22 questions about daily dietary habits, menu planning, nutrients levels, food products consumption, and composition. Only 30.5 % of respondents interested into eating adapted dietary patterns and follow to dietary recommendations. Supervision of dietary habits, water consumption, dietary patterns are essential for health capacity support done by 73.6% of respondents. Quality and quantity characteristics of dietary patterns are essential for support physical and mental activity. Balanced and moderate diet is essential for improving working capacities, diminished fatigue, improve concentration capacities and support mental activity as a result provide wellbeing and welfare of individuals.Item Importance of Dietary Habits for Military Personnel(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Ģēģere, Sandra; Dišlere, Vija; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityNutrition habits of cadets are basement for keeping health and physical preparedness stability, developing a military career. General obligation of each military person is to take care of his welfare and health, to follow to the hygiene standard and keep military readiness and physical fitness. Welfare includes also healthy, balanced and adapted to the physical load nutrition. According the legislation military person get daily financial support-compensation for daily food. There is individual responsibility to choose food that is suitable and available, that favour physical fitness and increase health status. The aim of our study is to indicate the nutrition habits of cadets of National defence academy of Latvia. We have provided a questionnaire about food consumption of cadet’s groups in period from 2017 till 2018. The study data were processed by SPSS 22. Results reflect that cadets` general information level and understanding about importance of food consumption need to be improved. It is useful to organise the lectures course about the main principles of healthy nutrition adapted to physical load. The cadets need additional information about balanced diet. The recent research suggests that a significant percentage of cadets do not have adequate nutrition habits to physical activity level. We fixed problems (deficit of water consumption) before the sports activities. Balanced food consumption allows improving physical status and working capacities of cadets and correlating the body mass index (BMI) value to Standard level. The correctly organized nutrition plan helps to support physical fitness and activity of military personnel.Item Is the cold friend or enemy for soldiers in military action?(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023-05-12) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Vronska, Natalja; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityCold has impact to every person as on allied forces as well on enemy forces. The topicality of the study is based on the analysis of the experience of military campaigns in cold environments in the history of war and the emphasis on the importance of preventive measures that reduce the influence of low temperature as a natural environmental factor on the tactical readiness of troops. The aim of the study was analyses of cold environment impact on outcome (personnel losses) of military campaign in historical aspect, characterized the main health problems of personnel. We provided theoretical analysis of military campaigns` from ancient time till nowadays. Results of our study showed that realisation of preventative measures as well as planning and providing troops` activities in low temperature environment is one of the greatest challenges for leaders and commanders of military operations; in case of failure environmental factors played crucial role to wars` outcomes, battles` results and could lead to great disaster for military units and armies. The most important conclusion is the temperature of surrounding condition is one of essential factor for combatant’s survival, for activity of the personnel in low temperature surrounding, for combat capacity of military personnel and military unit. Timely identification of low-air temperature environment hazard slop down personnel losses in warfare. The most important conclusion stressed that assessment of cold weather, prevent and manage cold injuries allow keep combat capacity and fulfil the mission. Results of our study shown significance the effective program of military force health protection that included adequate logistic as well with nutritional supply. Commander authority in management personnel readiness is essential, physical preparedness, practical skills, and training of personnel in cold environment were important in pre-mission phase of campaign. Research results shown that cold (low temperature) impact as environmental risk factor must be identified and carefully assessed before military action.Item Physical Development of Six-and Seven-Year-Old Children in Riga and Latvian Regions(2023-02-01) Umbraško, Silvija; Vētra, Jānis; Pļaviņa, Liāna; Martinsone-Bērzkalne, Liene; Duļevska, Ilva; Edelmers, Edgars; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyThe growth and maturation of a child's body are going on continuously, but unevenly. Therefore, children of the same age may have different growth and functional abilities. On the initiative of the Latvian government, a pilot project was launched, which aims to evaluate the readiness of children to start school at the age of six as well as compare physical development, separate functional abilities, and posture for six and seven-year-old children of regions of Latvia and Riga preschool educational institutions. The study involved 918 children, who were divided into two groups-Riga (R) and regions of Latvia (RL). Respondents in each group were further divided by age-six-and seven-year-olds, and by sex. Anthropometric parameters were determined for each individual's height, weight, chest circumference, lung vital capacity (PVC), forearm flexor muscle strength, and posture. In our study, the mean values of height for six-year-old girls were: R-117.6 ± 5.8 cm, RL-117.1 ± 6.3 cm, for boys R-118.7 ± 5.0 cm, RL-118.6 ± 5.1 cm. Seven-year-old children had an average increase in chest circumference of 1 to 2 cm, both by sex and by place of residence. Symmetrical posture was observed only for six-year-old children in 23.1% of cases and 17.1% of seven-year-old children. 59.5% of the children in the study group spent more than one hour a day watching TV, and 66.3% played computer games every day. The results of the study showed that children aged six and seven years grew and functionally developed very differently and individually. These age groups of children did not have accelerated growth ages; there were no large annual increases. A relatively small sex dimorphism was observed. The readiness of six-year-old children to start school should be assessed very individually by the child's parents in collaboration with the pediatrician.Item The rate of the musculoskeletal pathology assessment for military personnel and civil population(EDP Sciences, 2016) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Kārkliņa, Helēna; Viksne, I.; Vētra, Aivars; Vilka, Lolita; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityMusculoskeletal disorders are an important cause of morbidity for civil population as well as for military personnel. Musculoskeletal disorders represent a prevalent source of patient visits, lost work time, hospitalization and disability. The three most important pain areas are those of lumbar spine, shoulders and lower extremities. We provide assessment of Anthropometric characteristics in two groups. Anthropometric characteristics of military personnel (n = 60) that leave the active service and civil population of the same age (n = 100) were collected during two year period (2011/2012). The anthropometric characteristics were evaluated for military personnel going for retirement with diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology. The evaluated anthropometric characteristics were the height, the body mass and the anthropometric indices. Body fat ranges for standard adults were calculated according to NIH/WHO BMI guidelines. 30% of military persons with diagnosis of musculoskeletal pathology and individuals from civil population group with diagnosis of the musculoskeletal pathology have values of body mass index above the standard level One of the reasons the musculoskeletal pathology is the overweight it may be important to provide preventive measures to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders linked to specific job and treatment at early stage.Item Sanitary (Medical) service of Latvian Armed forces, its formation and activities in the period of Independence war 1918-1920(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Vronska, Natalja; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityDirectly after proclaimed independence of Latvia State in 18th of November in 1918, the Latvia as a young state commenced formation of Defence system: military unit formation and establishing Medical service. The aim of study was to describe and analyse Sanitary (Medical) service formation and activities in period from 1918 till 1920 in complicated political situation and aggravated economic reality. We provided theoretical research and analysis of topical activities of Sanitary (Medical) service: recruiting Medical personnel and management of Health care system, monitoring treatment capacities and readiness of hospitals and organized medical logistic system, transportation of causalities. Results of our study indicated that Sanitary (Medical) service of Latvian Armed forces successful solved the tasks of Health care and saved the lives and health of hundreds and thousands of soldiers. Sanitary (Medical) service provided significant and effective Healthcare system of personnel, managed of medical treatment facilities in period of Independence war; supported and taken guidance of medical logistic process. Sanitary (Medical) service managed support of armed forces units in period of Independence war 1918-1920 by establishing first aid posts/dressing sections for casualty’s care, organizing causalities transportation to medical treatment facilities, providing support with special medical equipment, and medical materials. The aim of the study was to describe and analyse Sanitary (Medical) service personnel leadership, adaptability, resilience, empathy, compassion in period from 1918 till 1920 that adapt quickly to changing circumstances in complicated political situation and aggravated economic reality. Sanitary (Medical) service personnel made decisions that had saved the lives of thousands of soldiers.Item Somatic Health Level Assessment Importance in Military Personnel Group(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021-05-07) Pļaviņa, Liāna; Mihailova, Natalija; Dišlere, Vija; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityTopicality of research is indicated by importance of somatic health level assessment of military personnel that is a basement for fulfilling military tactical tasks and developing future military career. Physical endurance capacities develop during military training and have impact to the body composition parameters, health capacity level. Medical specialists carried out the assessment of health capacity of military personnel annually. The aim of the study is to evaluate the somatic health and its components in military personnel group that includes cadets from 1st till 5th study year in National Defence Academy of Latvia. The evaluation of somatic health level carried out according H.L. Apanasenko methodology that is a complex approach taking in count anthropometric parameters, physiological measurements, and tests results in standard physical exercises. The statistical methods were used for analysis of data in SPSS version 20. There are fixed statistically significant correlation between somatic health level and anthropometric parameters (body mass, body mass index value) as well physiological parameters (systolic blood pressure value, hand muscle force, pulmonary vital capacity). The significance of the results is that the level of somatic health level connects to the parameters of body composition and functional parameters. Physical endurance capacities are based on somatic health level assessment, individuals with higher body mass index level, with higher blood pressure parameters, with lower vital index value as well with, longer restoring interval after standard physical exercise had lower somatic health level value. The changes of somatic health level in study group showed the impact of military training duration that important for future military career.Item Анализ антропометрических параметров у женщин старше 40 лет в Латвии(2018) Stankeviča, Jekaterīna; Pļaviņa, Liāna; Umbraško, Silvija; Duļevska, Ilva; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyIntroduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of anthropometric parameters to assess the extent of overweight and obesity in the adult population, which is one of the risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of our study is to determine the variations in the anthropometric indicators of the female population of Latvia. Materials and methods. In this article we analyzed the anthropometric parameters of women aged 40–65 years, such as height (cm), body weight (kg), waist circumference and hip circumference (cm), and calculated the statistically average parameters of the body mass index and the hip-waist ratio. Respondents – women of the study group were divided into five age groups, in each subgroup we made the comparative analysis of anthropometric parameters. Results. We recorded a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the studied groups of women. Discussion. Analysis of investigated anthropometrics parameters, BMI and WHR for Latvian women in age after 40 revealed that the mean values of BMI in all groups have exceeded standard level and were more than 25. We have determined statistically significant differences between all five age subgroups according to the body mass value, height value and BMI value. Anthropometric data analysis showed that most of the examined respondents women have a moderate health risk that means that all WHR is from 0,81 to 0,85. Women with overweight have more medical complication then individuals with the standard body mass level. BMI and WHR was a simple, easy, inexpensive, highly reproducible, and accurate tool for prevention, control, and intervention against adults’ (women) obesity.