Browsing by Author "Mihailova, Sandra"

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    The Burnout and Professional Deformation of Latvian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Traumatology and Orthopaedics Hospital
    (2023-03) Nagle, Evija; Cerela-Boltunova, Olga; Blumberga, Solveiga; Mihailova, Sandra; Griskevica, Inguna; Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy
    The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, which has created an additional burden on the healthcare system and has caused enormous stress and emotional burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs). The purpose of the study is to investigate the phenomena of emotional burnout and the professional deformation of HCWs. The emotional burnout phenomenon of the HCWs was studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. In addition, the Professional Deformation Survey, based on scientific literature and research works, was developed. The survey consisted of 4 subscales distinguishing: aggression, authoritarianism, demonstrativeness, and conservatism. The survey results showed a high level of emotional exhaustion, a medium level of depersonalization, and a low level of personal achievement reduction. The Professional Deformation Survey showed good reliability for the whole sample in all four subscales. Results of the professional deformation study revealed that 29% of respondents manifest aggression while performing their professional activities. Authoritarianism can be observed in 18% of respondents, demonstrativeness in-31%, and professional deformation manifested as conservatism in-22% of HCWs. Data obtained on burnout and the professional deformation of the HCWs proves that the healthcare system and health organizations have reason to be concerned about the mental well-being of HCWs and the quality of healthcare service provision.
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    A Case Study on the Development of Math Competence in an Eight-year-old Child with Dyscalculia  : Shared Intentionality in Human-Computer Interaction for Online Treatment Via Subitizing
    (2022) Danilov, Igor Val.; Mihailova, Sandra; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Studies in the field of neuroscience have shown that the neural network responsible for numeracy overlaps with the visual and spatial processing regions. Other studies in psychology also highlighted an association of visual-spatial processing with mathematical competence at the early stages of development. These findings suggest that research on the size of the focal area of attention (consciousness) can contribute to understanding the development of numeracy. In this case study, we verified the hypothesis of developing numeracy in children by training the rapid apperception of a few items called “subitizing.” Shared intentionality promotes cognition from the onset. Therefore, in this study, we investigated this interaction modality to give an eight-year-old girl an insight into expanded apperception of an array in "subitizing" for improving her numerical competence. The child was stimulated to apperceive more objects while performing “subitizing” tasks with the mother. The course of treatment consisted of the four regimes of human-computer interaction based on rapid exposure to several pictures with a few dots. Simultaneously, this human-computer interaction also stimulated shared intentionality in the mother-child dyad for developing the child’s rapid apprehension of these small quantities. The outcome of this intervention was an increase in the size of the focal point of attention (consciousness) and the development of numerical competence, where an association was established between the expanding apperception and the developing numeracy.
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    Characteristics of Personal Value-Meaning Systems of Latvian Youths in 1998, 2005, 2010 and 2015 : A Comparative Study
    (Rēzeknes Augstskola, 2015) Ļevina, Jeļena; Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Mihailova, Sandra; Gintere, Ilona; Lubkina, Velta; Ušča, Svetlana; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Research of personal values is one of the most important tasks in the context of social and economic changes of the society. The purpose of this research was to compare the values and the level of disintegration of personal value-meaning systems of Latvian youths in different periods of socio-economic development of Latvian society. The research was conducted in 1998 and repeated in 2005, 2010 and in 2015. All participants were students of 11th or 12th grade. To provide a measure of value-meaning systems the M. Rokeach technique modified by E.B. Fantalova was used. The results revealed that there were differences in ratings of importance and attainability of values as well as in levels of discrepancy between importance and attainability of values of Latvian youths in different periods of socio-economic development of Latvian society.
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    Comparison of adolescent's values : Riga and Vidzeme region
    (EDP Sciences, 2019-01) Mihailova, Sandra; Martinsone, K.; Pipcane, Arta; Berķis, Uldis; Vilka, Lolita; Socioloģijas un psiholoģijas katedra; Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy
    The determination of individual values is the first step in the process of the personal development. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate the difference between value hierarchies of Riga students and rural students and their subjective opinions about factors affecting them and compare the results with the values of previous generations. It is a pilot study with a comparative cross-sectional design. The study was carried out in several schools of Latvia in 2018: 2 schools of Riga and 2 rural schools of Vidzeme region. Participants were 11th and 12th grade students: 50 from Riga, 50 from rural schools. The research of values was based on the M. Rokeach value ranking test. It is found that the individual hierarchies of values in one group context differ more than hierarchies of adolescent groups of various years and different backgrounds. There are no significant differences related to the terminal and instrumental values between adolescents of Riga and rural areas: love, cheerfulness and education are more important for Riga students, but rural students prefer responsibility, obedience, capability. Some values have not been influenced by time or socio-economic and political situation, but some values have increased or decreased their significance with years.
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    Computerized Assessment of Cognitive Development in Neurotypical and Neurodivergent Children
    (2022) Danilov, Igor Val.; Mihailova, Sandra; Svajyan, Araksia; Rīga Stradiņš University
    This study aims to observe the differences in the shared intentionality magnitude in mother-child dyads with neurotypical (NT) children and neurodivergent (ND) children aged 3-6 years. The quality of shared intentionality in infancy is associated with cognitive development. Our results showed that ND children scored six times higher (on average) in quiz-test than NT children. Children with difficulties in interaction (ND children) are more likely to use shared intentionality in conversation than NT children. We believe that this knowledge can contribute to developing computerized assessment methods which can diagnose developmental disabilities in such children.
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    The dynamics of value system in 1998 and 2015 : Longitudinal research in Latvia
    (EDP Sciences, 2018) Sokola-Nazarenko, Marina; Martinsone, Kristine; Mihailova, Sandra; Levina, Jelena; Elina, Karsa; Berķis, Uldis; Vilka, Lolita; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Values may change during life because a person obtains new life experience and competencies. In the past decade, many Latvian psychologists studied people's values and their connections with different factors like cultural, political, social, economic changes and other factors [1-3 and other]. Since 1994 Latvia has gone through different social-economic changes like crisis, economic growth, assumption to NATO and EU. and acceptation of euro currency. These changes can influence participants' values. The aim was to conduct a comparative longitudinal research in individuals' values in 1998 and 2015, at the beginning of their youth and then in adulthood, in order to answer the following questions: what values were in 1998 and 2015; what differences in values had appeared comparing 1998 and 2015 in same persons. Results showed that the most important values in 1998 and 2015 were "Family", "Love", "Responsibility". "Honesty" and "Cheerfulness". Significant changes appeared in "Health" that became significantly important in 2015 and replaced the importance of "Love". Most achievable values in 1998 and 2015 were "The beauty of nature and art" and "Cognition" but in 2015 also "Active life" which replaced "Self-confidence" that was important in 1998. Significant changes appeared in "Self-confidence", "Wisdom", "Active life", "Freedom", "Interesting job", "Learning" and "Friends" as well, where importance of some values increased and some decreased in 2015.
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    Empirical Evidence of Shared Intentionality : Towards Bioengineering Systems Development
    (2023) Danilov, Igor Val; Mihailova, Sandra; Komunikācijas fakultāte
    This article is the expanded conference paper that reports the results of a psychophysiological research study on shared intentionality conducted in 24 online experiments with 405 subjects (208 recipients and 197 contributor-confederates). In this research, we created a bioengineering system for assessing shared intentionality in human groups by modeling mother-neonate dyad properties in subjects during intellectual testing. In this model, only the mother (contributor-confederate) knows the correct stimulus and shares this knowledge with the neonate (participant-recipient). For modeling mother-neonate dyad properties in subjects, the bioengineering system induces interpersonal dynamics in the subjects by stimulating their interactional synchrony, emotional contagion and neuronal coherence. The system collects data by confronting recipients' performance in "primed" and "unprimed" conditions of confederates. These informed contributors know correct responses only in the "primed" condition and confidently respond on "primed" items. Specifically, in 13 online experiments in mother-child dyads, evidence showed a recipients' performance increase of 48–394%, P-value < 0.001 (62 recipients and 54 confederates) in the “primed” condition of confederates; and in 7 experiments in primary group adults, it showed a performance increase of 143–300%, P-value < 0.002. In experiments in the secondary group, evidence showed a recipients' performance increase only with the UL3 items (a translation of an unfamiliar language, 20 recipients from 41 subjects in experiment No.12). In 3 experiments in 207 secondary group subjects, non-semantic tasks–SL3 (synthetic language) and US3 (two-color unintelligible symbols)–did not stimulate the effect. We also analyzed data confronting the outcome of recipients' performance in the "primed" condition and random value (possible recipients' responses by chance). Comparing the outcomes of these two data collecting methods as well as the sample size of the experiments allow for discussing the research method's validity and reliability. The article also shows four factors' domains that contribute to shared intentionality magnitude.
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    Krieviski runājošo vidusskolēnu vērtību konfliktu salīdzinājums Baltijas valstīs
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2020-05-20) Mihailova, Sandra; Perepjolkina, Viktorija; Lubkina, Velta; Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Šneidere, Kristīne; Rīga Stradiņš University
    In this research differencesbetween discrepancies in evaluations of value importance and reachability of Russian-speaking high school students from Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia wereexamined. The study sample included 30 high school students from Latvia, 30 from Estonia and 30 from Lithuania aged 16 to 18. All students completed value-rating survey developed by Fantalova (Fantalova, 2011) and demographic questionnaire. Results have shown that the key values in all the Baltic countries are similar: health, love, happy family and friends. There is basically no statistically significant difference between value importance, value reachability, and value conflicts. Statically significant differences between Latvian and Lithuanian pupils are in the following values: beauty of nature and art, but there are statistically significant differences between Latvian and Estonian pupils in the following values: materially secured life, interesting work. It was found that in these three samplesvalue conflicts don’t creates enough tension to motivate action. It can thus be assumed that the migration of school graduatespossiblyis not linked to the inability to realize the values that are important to them in their country. As the tension between values grows, the reasons why young people emigrate from one of the Baltic countries may be different
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    Mākslas terapijas izglītības desmit gadi Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē: No ieceres līdz profesijai
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2016) Duhovska, Jana; Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Paipare, Mirdza; Mihailova, Sandra; Zakriževska, Maija; Majore-Dūšele, Indra; Dzilna, Sandra; Zālīte, R.; Lase, A.; Dreifelde, Ilze; Blauzde, O.; Visnola, D.; Kopitins, A.; Sibeta-Stila, K.; Aleksiene, Vilmante; Vētra, Jānis; Millere, Inga; Upmale, Anda; Ērgle, I.; Jermolājeva, I.; Heinsberga, Inta; Barsineviča, S.; Sudraba, Velga; Vagale, Aelita; Krevica, Edīte; Dzilna-Šilova, Ilze; Rožlapa-Junkere, Agne; Šteina, Anna; Vilka, Evija; Vende-Kotova, Kristīne; Mihailovs, Ivans Jānis; Karkuva (Karkou), Vikija (Vicky); Bergs-Lusebrinka, Vija; Smita, Ž.; Junkers, J.; Vētra, A.; Tomsone, Signe
    Grāmatā apkopotas 37 profesijas izveidē un izaugsmē iesaistītu ģeogrāfiski tuvu un tālu kolēģu intervijas. Šīs intervijas tika ievāktas, gatavojoties mākslu terapijas izglītības desmitgadei Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē, lai jubilejas reizē reflektētu par mākslu terapijas tapšanu – no dažādiem skatupunktiem, lai uzrunātu un atcerētos cilvēkus, kas ir devuši būtisku ieguldījumu profesijas attīstībā, tā veidojot daudzbalsīgu stāstījumu, fiksējot, kā notika Latvijas mākslu terapijas modeļa tapšana un attīstība.
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    Mākslu terapija dažādām klientu / pacientu grupām
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2014) Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Krevica, Edīte; Bērziņa, Guna; Vētra, Aivars; Puķīte, Margarita; Paiča, Inese; Karkuva (Karkou), Vikija (Vicky); Akmane, Elīna; Hartmane, Sandra; Mihailovs, Ivans Jānis; Mihailova, Sandra; Vilka, Evija; Veitnere, Zane; Grīnberga, Ingrida; Mazkalne, M.; Kušnareva, Z.; Silniece, Sanita; Ķince, Liene; Šuriņa, Sanita; Eglīte, Džoanna; Meluškāne, Sindija; Lindiša, Daiga; Dzene, Daiga; Dakse, Evita; Ciganovska, Sanita; Veide-Nedviga, Līga; Šķone, Naira; Dzilna-Silova, Ilze; Upmale, Anda; Visnola, Dace; Duhovska, Jana; Barsineviča, Sandra; Beļska, Anžela; Denisjuka, J.; Enģele, Līga; Paipare, Mirdza; Garnaka, Rita; Šteina, Anna
    Šis rakstu krājums ir izveidots un publicēts Erasmus Mūžizglītības intensīvās programmas projektā “Mākslu terapija dažādām klientu / pacientu grupām” (2014) Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Rehabilitācijas fakultātē, profesionālā maģistra studiju programmā “Mākslas terapija” sadarbībā ar projekta partneriem. Raksti ir balstīti uz teorētisko prezentāciju un autoru semināru saturu intensīvās programmas laikā. Rakstu krājumā aprakstīts teorētiskais un praktiskais darbs ar veselības aprūpes disciplīnu - mākslas terapijas specializācijām - mākslas terapijas, deju kustību terapijas, mūzikas terapijas iespējas ar dažādām klientu / pacientu grupām veselības aprūpē, sociālajā aprūpē un izglītības vidē. Rakstu krājumā ir dažādi mākslas terapeiti no Igaunijas, Latvijas, Lietuvas, Vācijas un Lielbritānijas, kā arī viņu praktiskās pieredzes kopsavilkums. Gadījumu izpēte ir neseno pētījumu rezultāti mākslas terapijas jomā. Raksti akcentē un raksturo mākslas terapijas specializācijas specifiku un piedāvā iespējas darbā ar dažādām klientu / pacientu grupām. Kolekcijā tiek piedāvāti daudzdimensionāli skati uz mākslas terapijas praktisko daļu. Tas arī demonstrē dažādus terapeitiskos ietvarus, medicīnisko, psiholoģisko teoriju integrāciju, kas tiek izmantota mākslas terapijas pielietojamības pamatā, piedāvā dažus uz mākslu balstīta novērtējuma aspektus un dalās noderīgā pieredzē. Autori piedāvā mūsdienu pieejas mākslas terapijas darbos. Projekta galvenie mērķi bija nodrošināt pieredzes apmaiņu, izmantojot aktivitātes starp projekta partneriem; iegūt un attīstīt jaunas zināšanas un prasmes; izveidot norādes materiālus mākslas terapijas darbiem dažādām klientu / pacientu grupām; un veicināt turpmāku mākslas terapijas attīstību projektā iesaistītajās valstīs.
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    Neuronal Coherence Agent for Shared Intentionality : A Hypothesis of Neurobiological Processes Occurring during Social Interaction
    (2021) Danilov, Igor Val; Mihailova, Sandra; Rīga Stradiņš University
    The present interdisciplinary study discusses the physical foundations of the neurobiological processes occurring during social interaction. The review of the literature establishes the difference between Intentionality and Intention, thereby proposing the theoretical basis of Shared Intentionality in humans. According to the present study, Shared Intentionality in humans (Goal-directed coherence of biological systems), which is the ability among social organisms to instantly select just one stimulus for the entire group, is the outcome of evolutionary development. Therefore, this interaction modality should be the preferred, archetypal, and most propagated modality in organisms, attributed to the Model of Hierarchical Complexity Stage 3. This characteristic of biological systems facilitates the training of the new members of the group and also ensures efficient cooperation among the members of the group without requiring communication. In humans, Shared Intentionality contributes to the learning of newborns. The neurons of a mature organism may teach the neonate neurons regarding the fitting reactions to the excitatory inputs of the specific structural organization. This enables the neonate neurons to develop a Long-Term Potentiation that links particular stimuli with specific embodied sensorimotor neural networks. The present report discusses three possible neuronal coherence agents that could involve quantum mechanisms in cells, thereby enabling the distribution of the quality of goal-directed coherence in biological systems (Shared Intentionality in humans). Recently reported case studies conducted online with the task of conveying the meaning of numerosity to the children of age 18–33 months revealed the occurrence of Shared Intentionality in mother-child dyads in the absence of sensory cues between the two, which promoted cognitive development in the children. The findings of these case studies support the concept of physical foundations and the hypothesis of the neurophysiological process of social interaction proposed in the present study.
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    A New Computer-Aided Method for Assessing Children's Cognition in Bioengineering Systems for Diagnosing Developmental Delay
    (2023) Danilov, Igor Val.; Svajyan, Araksia; Mihailova, Sandra; Rīga Stradiņš University
    This pilot study (n = 19) examines fidelity rates of the new computer-aided method of diagnosing cognitive development delay in 3-to-6-year-old children. The small-scale research repeats the methodological components of the previous two studies, only changing the data collection process by introducing the baseline value (BV). Experimental data show a significant increase of 9.4 times in the shared intentionality magnitude in neurodivergent children. The results support the hypothesis that the bioengineering system (computer-mother-child) can encourage shared intentionality in the dyad by emulating the mother-newborn communication model. The outcome shows the association between the shared intentionality magnitude and children's diagnosis. However, the bioengineering diagnostic paradigm and the new BV method still need more evidence since the pilot study observes the effect in a small sample size. The pilot study evaluates the fidelity rates of this new BV method through nine markers. It shows the feasibility (with the limitations) of testing this new BV method in further research with a large sample size.
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    A New Perspective on Assessing Cognition in Children through Estimating Shared Intentionality
    (2022-06) Danilov, Igor Val.; Mihailova, Sandra; Komunikācijas fakultāte
    This theoretical article aims to create a conceptual framework for future research on digital methods for assessing cognition in children through estimating shared intentionality, different from assessing through behavioral markers. It shows the new assessing paradigm based directly on the evaluation of parent-child interaction exchanges (protoconversation), allowing early monitoring of children’s developmental trajectories. This literature analysis attempts to understand how cognition is related to emotions in interpersonal dynamics and whether assessing these dynamics shows cognitive abilities in children. The first part discusses infants’ unexpected achievements, observing the literature about children’s development. The analysis supposes that due to the caregiver’s help under emotional arousal, newborns’ intentionality could appear even before it is possible for children’s intention to occur. The emotional bond evokes intentionality in neonates. Therefore, they can manifest unexpected achievements while performing them with caregivers. This outcome shows an appearance of protoconversation in adult-children dyads through shared intentionality. The article presents experimental data of other studies that extend our knowledge about human cognition by showing an increase of coordinated neuronal activities and the acquisition of new knowledge by subjects in the absence of sensory cues. This highlights the contribution of interpersonal interaction to gain cognition, discussed already by Vygotsky. The current theoretical study hypothesizes that if shared intentionality promotes cognition from the onset, this interaction modality can also facilitate cognition in older children. Therefore in the second step, the current article analyzes empirical data of recent studies that reported meaningful interaction in mother-infant dyads without sensory cues. It discusses whether an unbiased digital assessment of the interaction ability of children is possible before the age when the typical developmental trajectory implies verbal communication. The article develops knowledge for a digital assessment that can measure the extent of children’s ability to acquire knowledge through protoconversation. This specific assessment can signalize the lack of communication ability in children even when the typical trajectory of peers’ development does not imply verbal communication.
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    Psiholoģijas izglītības desmit gadi Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2017) Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Mihailova, Sandra; Koļesņikova, Jeļena; Mihailovs, Ivans Jānis; Ļevina, Jeļena; Freimane, Gunta; Šneidere, Kristīne
    Rīgas Stradiņa universitātē realizētās psiholoģijas izglītības desmit gadu jubilejas izdevumā atspoguļota psihologa loma veselības aprūpes vidē, psiholoģijas virziena raksturojums un specifika RSU, psiholoģijas virziena struktūrvienības, psiholoģijas zinātnes attīstība RSU, psiholoģijas virziena akadēmisko struktūrvienību sadarbība ar citām izglītības iestādēm, profesionālajām organizācijām, darba devējiem un līdzdalība tiesību aktu projektu izstrādē. Grāmatā sniegtas RSU administrācijas un psiholoģijas virziena mācībspēku atbildes uz jautājumiem par psiholoģijas virziena attīstību RSU un viņu devumu šajā jomā.
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    Students' social activities, values, meaningfulness of life and self-confidence
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2018) Levina, Jelena; Martinsone, Kristine; Mihailova, Sandra; Sokola-Nazarenko, Marina; Lubkina, Velta; Ušča, Svetlana; Zvaigzne, Anda; Rīga Stradiņš University
    The purpose of this study was to develop and test a model that describes the relations between participation of students in social activities oriented toward helping others, their values, namely, discrepancy between importance and attainability of values, meaningfulness of life and self-confidence. The sample consisted of 103 students aged from 18 to 41, 28.2% were males and 71.8% were females. In this research the M.Rokeach technique as modified by E.B. Fantalova, the Meaning-in-Life Orientations test (MOL) developed by D.A. Leontiev, the Self-confidence scale of the “Research of self-attitude” questionnaire (RS) developed by V.V.Stolin and S.R. Pantelejew, and questions from the third European Quality of Life Survey, which measure participation in social activities oriented towards helping others, were used. The first three instruments were translated into Latvian by S. Jirgena (now Mihailova). Validity and reliability of the Latvian versions of the MOL and the RS Self-confidence scale were evaluated, and the Latvian versions of both scales were modified. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used in order to test a theoretically developed model of students’ participation in social activities oriented towards helping others/ discrepancy between importance and attainability of values and meaningfulness of life outcome, and meaningfulness of life and self-confidence outcome. Firstly, it was found that discrepancy between importance and attainability of students’ values is not related to meaningfulness of life. In its turn, it was revealed that participation in such social activity as doing unpaid voluntary work in education, cultural and professional associations has a positive impact on meaningfulness of life and, in its turn, meaningfulness of life has a positive impact on self-confidence.
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    Supervīzija: Teorija. Pētījumi. Prakse
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2017) Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Mihailova, Sandra
    Rakstu krājumā “Supervīzija: Teorija, Pētījumi. Prakse”, pamatojoties gan uz vēsturisko perspektīvu, gan mūsdienu praksi un pētījumiem, ir aplūkoti supervīzijas pamatjautājumi. Šī krājuma mērķis ir raksturot supervīziju no dažādiem skatupunktiem, parādot tās daudzveidīgo potenciālu. Rakstu krājums veidots piecās daļās. Pirmā daļa ir veltīta vispārīgiem supervīzijas jautājumiem, tās vēsturei un mūsdienu raksturojumam, teorijām, procesa aprakstam, ētiskiem un tiesiskiem aspektiem, ar izglītību saistītiem un citiem jautājumiem. Otrā daļa veltīta supervīzijas raksturojumam dažādās profesionālās darbības vidēs. Trešās nodaļas saturu veido specifiskie jautājumi, piemēram, refleksija, psihodinamiskie koncepti un mākslas pielietojums supervīzijā. Ceturtajā daļā ir aprakstīti praktiskie pētījumi supervīzijā, savukārt piektajā – piedāvātas praktiskā darba metodes supervīzijā. Rakstu krājums būs noderīgs studentiem un viņu prakses vadītājiem, visiem tiem, kuri strādā ar cilvēkiem, jo īpaši palīdzošo profesiju pārstāvjiem sociālajā un veselības aprūpē, pedagogiem, uzņēmējiem, konsultantiem u. c., kā arī tiem, kurus interesē personīgā profesionālā izaugsme.
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    Supervizora kompetence un profesionālā darbība : pilotpētījuma rezultāti
    (Rēzeknes Augstskola, 2014) Mārtinsone, Kristīne; Mihailova, Sandra; Mihailovs, Ivans Jānis; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Supervision today is gradually becoming a component or compulsory part of professional practice un studies, especially in areas where the focus is a person, psychology, art-therapies, social work, psychoterapy, as well as civil service, pedagogy etc.Supervision is process, where is being reflected on the challenges facing both the client or patient and of the relationship that occurs between staff and clients or patients, both for the specialist are able to comply with the requirements of professional, ethical, as well as the difficulties in dealing with clients patients.Aim of the paper is to present the results of pilot stud (survey)y, how supervision of our country (Latvia) understand the various professions and how supervision in our country is being implemented supervision’s practice in various professional fields.The article highlights the issue of supervisor education problems in Latvia, analyzing the current situation and the legal framework, which is a prerequisite for quality supervision system in the country.
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    Veselības psiholoģijas izveides pamatojums Latvijā
    (Rēzeknes Augstskola, 2013) Martinsone, Kristine; Freimane, Gunta; Mihailova, Sandra; Mihailovs, Jānis Ivans; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Health Psychology, based on biopsychosocial approach, addresses the issues of individual, group and society's physical, social and mental health. Today, in Europe and the U.S., it has been defined as one of the branches of psychology. Also, it has started in positioning in Latvia. This paper discusses the necessity of establishing and development of the field and education of health psychology in Latvia, clarifies the meaning and the framework of the health psychology, as well as offers a description of the scope of specialists’ activity and the tendencies of research in this field.