Browsing by Author "Markevica, Inesa"

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    Comparative analysis of lens structural changes in ex-clean-up workers exposed to radiation from Chornobyl versus non-exposed individuals
    (2024) Grisle, Elza; Zemitis, Arturs; Markevica, Inesa; Zolovs, Maksims; Laganovska, Guna; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Purpose. The purpose of this research was to measure lens posterior cortex thickness and compare it between Chornobyl ex-clean-up workers and healthy individuals to determine whether Chornobyl ex-clean-up workers have a higher prevalence of posterior cortex cataract. Methods. The study was conducted on 32 eyes of healthy, non-exposed individuals, 32 eyes of individuals who worked only in Chornobyl City, and 16 eyes of individuals who worked on the roof of the reactor. All measurements were performed using a Heidelberg Anterion device. Statistical analyses were performed using Jamovi statistical software. Results. The results showed that those who had worked on the roof of the reactor had a significantly higher percentage of their lens occupied by the posterior cortex (median 17.3%, IQR 15.5–18.5%) compared to both the controls and city workers. Therefore, they also have a higher prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataracts (p<0.001). Conclusion. Exposure to increased radiation doses can cause alterations in various body structures, including the lens. Numerous studies have posited that heightened radiation exposure can induce substantial alterations in ocular structural integrity. Conversely, other studies have yielded results that exhibit higher degrees of uncertainty and ambiguity.
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    Corneal Perforation Self-Healing with an Iris Plug in the Cornea
    (2020-09-05) Muceniece, Liene; Markevica, Inesa; Laganovska, Guna; Department of Ophthalmology
    Keratitis treatment outcome is usually dependent on the targeted treatment of the cause. We want to present a small corneal ulcer of unidentified origin that progressed into corneal melting and resulted in corneal perforation. The patient had a widespread antibacterial and fungal treatment and an ophthalmological follow-up with slit-lamp examination and AS-OCT. The spontaneous iris plug in the cornea helped to solve the anterior chamber collapse and made permanent anatomical changes in the anterior part. A 45-week follow-up found a hyperdense stromal corneal scar with 556-μm-wide stable iris-cornea contact and BCVA of 0.8. As a result, an iris plug in the cornea after corneal perforation can have a positive effect on healing and lead to good visual outcome.
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    DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. ASSOCIATION WITH METABOLIC COMPENSATION, DURATION OF DIABETES AND OTHER MICRO AND MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
    (2020) Ullase, Lelde; Ducena, Kristīne; Markevica, Inesa; Laganovska, Guna
    Introduction. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication that can lead to complete vision loss and still is one of the main blindness-causing reasons among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). DR as a complication can cause vision loss to people at their working age. More than 90% of patients with type 1 diabetes will develop DR by 20 years post diagnosis (Leslie R.Dye, 2018). DR is more likely to develop in patients with T1DM (Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology, 2016). This complication can be very serious speaking of the ability to see. Sometimes vitrectomy plays a vital role in the management of severe complications of DR at its end-stage (Myron Yanoff et al., 2020). Aim of the study. To prove the development severity of DR that depends on the duration of diabetes and metabolic compensation. Additionally, to determine retinopathy’s association with other micro and macrovascular diabetes mellitus complications for a better understanding of what are the contributory factors for these complications to develop and which of those may coexist. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was held at the Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital (Riga, Latvia). From January 2016 to March 2018, 79 (158 eyes) patient histories were analyzed who have type 1 diabetes mellitus. To obtain more precise research results, almost all patients have done check-up visits to one certain ophthalmologist. The IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 was used to process data. Tables were made in SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2016 programs. Statistically significant value (p) was set at < 0,05. Results. No statistically significant difference is seen in the mean duration of the disease: in the group of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR): 25.23 (median = 22.0) years and non-proliferative group: 24.68 (median = 23.50) years. Results show that the duration of diabetes mellitus is considerably smaller in a group without DR 11.24 (median = 8.50) years. Metabolic compensation (%) in diabetes mellitus is not statistically different between patients with diverse forms of DR; no association found either. No statistically significant difference in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was detected among patients with various forms of DR. Three groups were compared: both types of DR and no DR. It was detected that BCVA in patients without DR was higher in both eyes: 0.83 ± 0.27 dioptres. No statistically significant difference (pχ > 0.05) was detected between the groups of DR and therefore no association was made between the form/existence of DR and arterial hypertension. There is a strong association between DR and microvascular complications (V = 0.40) with the existence of DR and there is an even stronger association (V = 0.61) with the forms of DR. There is no statistically reliable difference (pχ > 0.05) between the groups of DR; therefore, no association with the existence of microvascular complications and also risk factors. Conclusions. More than two-thirds of patients included in the research have some signs of DR. Because of the strong association of DR and other microvascular complications, patients with diabetes should be screened regularly for retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. And likewise, if a patient has at least one microvascular complication, he or she should be tested for the rest possible complications as well. According to data, most of the patients in this study have poor metabolic compensation; consequently, the metabolic compensation screening should be done certainly every three months