Browsing by Author "Makrecka, Marina"

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    Assessment of iodine and selenium nutritional status in women of reproductive age in Latvia
    (2021-11-05) Veisa, Vija; Kalere, Ieva; Zake, Tatjana; Strele, Ieva; Makrecka, Marina; Upmale-Engela, Sabine; Skesters, Andrejs; Rezeberga, Dace; Lejnieks, Aivars; Pudule, Iveta; Grinberga, Daiga; Velika, Biruta; Dambrova, Maija; Konrade, Ilze; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Department of Internal Diseases; Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health; Bioķīmijas zinātniskā laboratorija
    Background and Objectives: Adequate dietary intake of iodine and selenium is essential during pregnancy. While iodine is vital for maternal thyroid function and fetal development, selenium contributes to the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to assess the consumption of iodine-and selenium-containing products by women of reproductive age and the iodine and selenium nutritional status of pregnant women in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Population health survey (2010–2018) data were used to characterize dietary habits in women of reproductive age. Additionally, 129 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited; they completed a questionnaire and were tested for thyroid function, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and serum selenium and selenoprotein P levels. Results: The use of some dietary sources of iodine (e.g., milk and dairy products) and selenium (e.g., bread) has decreased in recent years. Less than 10% of respondents reported the use of iodized salt. The use of supplements has become more common (reported by almost 50% of respondents in 2018). Dietary habits were similar in pregnant women, but the use of supplements was even higher (almost 70%). Nevertheless, most supplements used in pregnancy had insufficient contents of iodine and selenium. Thyroid function was euthyreotic in all women, but 13.9% of participants had a thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) level above 60 IU/mL. The median UIC (IQR) was 147.2 (90.0–248.1) µg/gCr, and 52.8% of pregnant women had a UIC below 150 µg/gCr. The mean selenium (SD) level was 101.5 (35.6) µg/L; 30.1% of women had a selenium level below 80 µg/L. The median selenoprotein P level was 6.9 (3.1–9.0) mg/L. Conclusions: Iodine nutrition in Latvian population of pregnant women was near the lower limit of adequate and a third of the population had a selenium deficiency. Supplements were frequently used, but most did not contain the recommended amounts of iodine and selenium.
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    A cross-sectional survey of urinary iodine status in Latvia
    (2014) Konrade, Ilze; Neimane, Lolita; Makrecka, Marina; Strele, Ieva; Liepinsh, Edgars; Lejnieks, Aivars; Vevere, Parsla; Gruntmanis, Ugis; Pirags, Valdis; Dambrova, Maija; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Background and objective: A nationwide survey of schoolchildren was conducted to detect regional differences in urinary iodine excretion in Latvia and to compare the results with data from the newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) screening database as well with the results of a similar study performed in Latvia 10 years ago. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional school-based cluster survey of 915 children aged 9-12 years in 46 randomly selected schools in all regions of Latvia. Urine samples, questionnaires on the consumption of iodized salt and information on socioeconomic status were collected. TSH levels in newborns were also measured. Results: The median creatinine-standardized urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in our study was 107.3 mg/g Cr. UIC measurements indicative of mild iodine deficiency were present in 31.6%, moderate deficiency in 11.9% and severe deficiency in 2.8% of the participants. The prevalence of iodine deficiency was the highest in the southeastern region of Latgale and the northeastern region of Vidzeme. The prevalence of TSH values >5 mIU/L followed a similar pattern. The self-reported prevalence of regular iodized salt consumption was 10.2%. Children from urban schools had a significantly lower UIC than children from rural schools. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although the overall median UIC in Latvian schoolchildren falls within the lower normal range, almost 50% of the schoolchildren are iodine deficient, especially in urban schools and in the eastern part of Latvia. The absence of amandatory salt iodization program puts a significant number of children and pregnantwomen at risk.