Browsing by Author "Kise, Ligija"

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    Analysis of Microorganism Colonization, Biofilm Production, and Antibacterial Susceptibility in Recurrent Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar Abscess Patients
    (2022-09) Klagisa, Renata; Racenis, Karlis; Broks, Renars; Balode, Arta Olga; Kise, Ligija; Kroica, Juta; Department of Doctoral Studies; Department of Biology and Microbiology
    BACKGROUND: Despite the widespread use of antibiotics to treat infected tonsils, episodes of tonsillitis tend to recur and turn into recurrent tonsillitis (RT) or are complicated by peritonsillar abscesses (PTAs). The treatment of RT and PTAs remains surgical, and tonsillectomies are still relevant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective, controlled study, we analyzed the bacteria of the tonsillar crypts of 99 patients with RT and 29 patients with a PTA. We performed the biofilm formation and antibacterial susceptibility testing of strains isolated from study patients. We compared the results obtained between patient groups with the aim to identify any differences that may contribute to ongoing symptoms of RT or that may play a role in developing PTAs. RESULTS: The greatest diversity of microorganisms was found in patients with RT. Gram-positive bacteria were predominant in both groups. Candida species were predominant in patients with a PTA (48.3% of cases). Irrespective of patient group, the most commonly isolated pathogenic bacterium was S. aureus (in 33.3% of RT cases and in 24.14% of PTA cases). The most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium was K. pneumoniae (in 10.1% of RT cases and in 13.4% of PTA cases). At least one biofilm-producing strain was found in 37.4% of RT cases and in 27.6% of PTA cases. Moderate or strong biofilm producers were detected in 16 out of 37 cases of RT and in 2 out of 8 PTA cases. There was a statistically significant association found between the presence of Gram-positive bacteria and a biofilm-formation phenotype in the RT group and PTA group (Pearson χ 2 test, p < 0.001). S. aureus and K. pneumoniae strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics. One S. aureus isolate was identified as MRSA. CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus is the most common pathogen isolated from patients with RT, and Candida spp. are the most common pathogens isolated from patients with a PTA. S. aureus isolates are susceptible to most antibiotics. Patients with RT more commonly have biofilm-producing strains, but patients with a PTA more commonly have biofilm non-producer strains. K. pneumoniae does not play a major role in biofilm production.
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    Central Auditory Processing Disorders : Effects of Age and Hearing Loss to Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses
    (2009) Raumane, Diāna; Kise, Ligija; Logina, Ināra
    Introduction. Central auditory processing involve normal sound perception, speech recognition, ability of cognition and memory. Accordingly speech recognition difficulties may manifest due to changes at any segment of auditory processing. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and behavioral measures provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying speech recognition. These disorders are observed both in young and elderly population. Aim of the study. To evaluate central auditory processing for subjects of different age and hearing level through the presentation of noise using CAEPs and behavioral measures of speech discrimination. However due to complicated connectivity in auditory pathway it is difficult to identify the central auditory processing damage. Behavioral tests in conjunction with electrophysiological examination will reveal more complicated information for differenciation between peripheral and central auditory processing disorders. Materials and methods. Three groups of subjects participated: young normal hearing, young hearing-impaired and elderly hearing– impaired subjects. To minimaze subject variables, the CAEPs (wave peaks P1,N1,P2,N2,P3,N3 in miliseconds) was investigated using passive listening paradigme. The CAEPs were elicited by 1,1s change in frequency 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz in pure tones presented at 65, 70 and 75 dB SPL. Sentence recognition tests in quite and noise, Digit Pairs (DP) and Word Pairs (WP) were developed in Latvian language prior to investigation. They were presented to all subjects. Results. The most prominent finding was the increased latency of P3, N3 in elderly and also in younger hearing impaired adults groups and highly differed within groups. More prolonged latencies were find of N1, P2 in elderly hearing impaired group than in younger hearing impaired group adults. Conclusions. During this investigation the CAEPs are performed for the first time in our clinic therefore the main standarts are determined for our laboratory. The speech recognition tests (Sentence recognition test, DD, DW) are developed in Latvian. The present findings suggest patterns of CAEP are variable within individuals however shows that auditory perception and cognitive function is not only a result of aging and must be associated with a general slowing of neuronal processing or decreased neuronal synchrony within the central auditory nervous system. Determination of central auditory processing capacity level is of crucial significance to prognose and evaluate the hearing result after hearing prosthetics and to appraise indications for hearing prosthetics, cochlear and middle ear implantation including.
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    In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults
    (2023-01-19) Viksne, Renata; Racenis, Karlis; Broks, Renars; Balode, Arta Olga; Kise, Ligija; Kroica, Juta; Department of Biology and Microbiology
    Background and Objective: Tonsillar crypts can be considered a reservoir for a variety of bacterial species. Some bacterial species can be considered part of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota. The roles of other pathogens, for example, the so-called non-oral and respiratory pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter spp., which have strong virulence factors, biofilm production capacity, and the ability to initiate infectious diseases, are unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. within the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and to analyze the pathogens’ biofilm production and antibacterial resistances. Results: Only common oropharyngeal microbiota were cultivated from 37 participant samples (40.7%). The most commonly isolated pathogenic bacterium was S. aureus, which was isolated in 41 (45%) participant samples. K. pneumoniae was isolated in seven (7.7%) samples, Acinetobacter spp. were isolated in five (5.5%) samples, and P. aeruginosa was isolated in two (2.2%) samples. Biofilm producers predominated among the pathogenic bacteria; 51 strains were biofilm producers, and among them, 31 strains were moderate or strong biofilm producers. The tested S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin). One of the isolated S. aureus strains was MRSA. Conclusions: Biofilm is a commonly observed feature that seems to be a naturally existing form of pathogenic bacteria colonizing human tissue. S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. occasionally occur in the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and, therefore, it is most likely that S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. in opportunistic tonsillar infections originate from the tonsillar crypt microbiota.
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    Radiographic assessment of findings in the maxillary sinus using cone-beam computed tomography
    (2013) Dobele, Ilze; Kise, Ligija; Apse, Peteris; Kragis, Gints; Bigestans, Andris; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry
    OBJECTIVES. To assess the presence of anatomic variations and pathology of the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the maxilla where pre- implant surgery is planned. MATERIAL AND METHODS. This retrospective study evaluates a sample CBCT scans of 34 dental patients (68 sinuses). CBCT is used to assess maxillary sinus mucosa and outflow and prevalence of septa. The mucosal thickening was measured and the sinus outflow was classified as open or obstructed. RESULTS. Mucosal thickening was found in 48.5%, septa in 20.6% and total opacity in 2.9% of the sinuses. Maxillary sinus outflow was blocked in 26.5% of the scans. Strong association between radiological signs of maxillary sinus ostium blockage and thickened mucosa was observed. CONCLUSIONS. Anatomic variations and lesions of the maxillary sinus were common findings in CBCT examinations of the maxilla required for dental preprosthetic planning. Routine CBCT scans, including maxillary sinus ostium are recommended for risk assessment prior to surgery.