Browsing by Author "Junga, Anna"

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    Assessment of apoptosis and appearance of hepatocyte growth factor in placenta at different gestational ages : A cross-sectional study
    (2021-06) Kreicberga, Ilze; Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
    Background: Fetal growth is determined by the interaction between mother and fetus using the placental interface throughout the pregnancy. Objective: To research apoptosis and appearance of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in placentas of different gestational ages and to describe the anthropometrical and clinical indices of mothers and newborns. Materials and Methods: The study material was obtained from 53 human immunodeficiency virus negative pregnant women of legal age without systemic diseases. The staining of placental apoptotic cells was processed by a standard in situ cell death detection kit. The detection of HGF was provided by the ImmunoCruz goat ABC Staining System protocol sc-2023. Relative distribution of positive structures was evaluated using the semiquantitative counting method. Results: The mean rank value of the amount of HGF-containing cells (cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, Höfbauer cells, and cells of extraembryonic mesoderm) was 1.61 ± 0.94. Apoptotic cells (cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, and cells of extraembryonic mesoderm) were found in all placental samples of various gestational ages (term 13.00 ± 13.05 and preterm 27.00 ± 18.25); in general, their amount decreased with advancing gestational age of the placenta (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Weight of a placenta directly depends on the gestational age and correlates with the main fetal anthropometrical parameters (weight, length, and head and chest circumferences). The decrease in HGF-containing and apoptotic cells with advancing gestation depends on the adaptation potential of the placenta, proving the other ways of cellular disposition.
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    The Assessment of CDX1, IHH, SHH, GATA4, FOXA2, FOXF1 in Congenital Intra-Abdominal Adhesions
    (2024) Freijere-Pope, Helēna; Pilmane, Māra; Junga, Anna; Pētersons, Aigars; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Congenital abdominal adhesions are a rare condition that can result in a small bowel obstruction at any age, more frequently in pediatric populations. The cause remains unknown, and the importance of aberrant congenital bands is related to the difficulty of diagnosis, and cases of death with late detection have been documented. This research examines the expression of Caudal Type Homeobox 1 (CDX1), Indian Hedgehog (IHH), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), GATA Binding Protein 4 (GATA4), Forkhead Box A2 (FOXA2) and Forkhead Box F1 (FOXF1) gene expression in human abdominal congenital adhesion fibroblast and endothelium cells by chromogenic in situ hybridization, with the aim of elucidating their potential association with the etiology of congenital intra-abdominal adhesion band development. The potential genes’ signals were examined using a semi-quantitative approach. Significant correlations were observed between the expression of CDX1 (p <.001) and SHH (p=0.032) genes in fibroblasts from congenital intra-abdominal adhesions compared to fibroblasts from control peritoneal tissue. Statistically significant very strong correlations were found between the CDX1 and IHH comparing endothelium and fibroblast cells in congenital abdominal adhesion bands. There was no statistically significant difference found in the distribution of IHH, FOXA2, GATA4, and FOXF1 between the fibroblasts and endothelium of the patients compared to the control group. The presence of notable distinctions and diverse associations suggests the potential involvement of numerous morpho-pathogenetic processes in the development of intraabdominal adhesions.
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    Composition of mastitis causing microorganisms and cytokines in healthy cow’s milk : a pilot study
    (2023) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Šerstņova, Ksenija; Lohova, Elizabeta; Melderis, Ivars; Gontars, Lukašs; Kochanski, Maksymilian; Drutowska, Andzelika; Gergely, Maroti; Prieto-Simona, Beatrise; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
    The aim of this study was to examine clinically healthy cow’s udder milk microbiota and presence of cytokines in different seasons. Milk samples taken from the cows were checked for the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the somatic cell count was detected. Immunohistochemistry methods were performed to detect interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17a, â-defensin-3, transforming growth factor (TGF)-â1, interferon-ã and nuclear factor (NF)-êB presence in the milk. S. agalactiae, S. uberis, S. aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter spp. were found in healthy cow’s milk. In the first round, the highest prevalence was observed for S. aureus. In the second round, the highest mean levels were observed for S. uberis, then followed S. aureus. IL-4, IL-17a and TGF-â1 demonstrated the highest expression in the milk samples. NF-êB had the lowest expression among all factors. The presence of a rich bacterial microbiome (mostly S.aureus, S.uberis) in the milk of healthy animals, as well as changing bacterial species between in spring and autumn seasons occur as a result of both the immune state of the animal and many external factors, which consequently affects the amount of expressed cytokines.
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    Distribution and appearance of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in strabismus-affected extraocular muscle tissue compared with control tissue
    (2024-03-04) Junga, Anna; Babenko, Tetyana; Fedirko, Pavlo; Pilmane, Māra; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
    Objective: Extraocular muscles have complex development processes. The present study aimed to analyze the presence of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle. Methods: This research was an observational case–control study. Myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV were detected by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of extraocular muscle samples from concomitant strabismus patients and controls. A semi-quantitative grading method and statistical analysis were used. Results: In the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle, morphological analysis demonstrated different-sized muscle fibers. Immature muscle fibers and an increased amount of connective tissue were also noted. Strong positive correlations were identified between myosin and collagen IV and between dystrophin and collagen IV. Conclusions: The presence of newly formed muscle fibers, increased connective tissue, and variable diameters of skeletal striated muscle fibers indicate the decreased quality of extraocular muscles in strabismus cases. Reduced levels of myosin and dystrophin and a near absence of collagen IV in strabismus-affected skeletal striated muscle fibers characterized the muscular dystrophy of strabismus. Adjuvant therapy aimed at normalizing the metabolism of these muscles may be appropriate alongside concomitant strabismus treatment.
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    The Distribution of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Human Beta-Defensin-2 (HBD-2), and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Intra-Abdominal Adhesions in Children under One Year of Age
    (2018) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Ābola, Zane; Volrāts, Olafs; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Department of Paediatric Surgery
    The regulatory role between ischemia related factors and antimicrobial peptides in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions has not yet been defined. The aim of this research was to investigate the appearance and relative distribution of VEGF, HBD-2, and HGF in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions compared with relatively healthy tissue controls. The study group material was obtained from 48 patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to partial or complete bowel obstruction. VEGF, HBD-2, and HGF were detected using immunohistochemistry methods and their relative distribution was evaluated by means of the semiquantitative counting method. The results were analyzed using nonparametric statistic methods. A moderate number of VEGF positive endotheliocytes were detected, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. In the experimental group, a moderate to high number of VEGF positive macrophages was observed. In control group tissues, such macrophages were seen in significantly lower number (U = 61.0, p = 0.001). The increase of VEGF positive cells indicates support of angiogenesis due to the hypoxic conditions in case of adhesion disease. The number of HBD-2 marked fibroblasts and macrophages was moderate to high, but only few positive endotheliocytes were observed. Persisting appearance of HBD-2 positive structures might be a result of the inflammatory process. Most specimens showed occasional HGF positive macrophages and fibroblasts and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The relatively weak appearance of HGF suggests that the lack of this factor promotes the formation of fibrotic changes in case of intra-abdominal adhesions.
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    Evaluation of PGP 9.5, NGFR, TGFβ1, FGFR1, MMP-2, AT2R2, SHH, and TUNEL in Primary Obstructive Megaureter Tissue
    (2022-02) Junga, Anna; Siņicins, Ivo; Pētersons, Aigars; Pilmane, Māra; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Department of Paediatric Surgery
    Primary obstructive megaureter (POM) morphogenesis is not fully known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the appearance of different factors that might take part in the pathogenesis of POM. Megaureter tissues of 14 children were stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as with immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5, nerve growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), angiotensin 2 receptor type 2, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein. Apoptosis was detected by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling reaction. POM tissues revealed transitional epithelium with scattered vacuolization, submucosa with inflammatory cells, and focally vacuolized and chaotically organized muscle layers. Apoptosis, appearance of MMP-2, FGFR1, and SHH prevailed, but TGFβ1 positive cell number was lower in patients. Correlation between MMP-2 in epithelium and endothelium, FGFR1 and MMP-2 in epithelium, and TGFβ1 in epithelium and connective tissue in patients was detected. POM morphopathogenesis involves an apoptotic cell death of epithelium and smooth muscle as well as tissue degradation in epithelium and connective tissue of the ureter wall. The decrease of tissue growth through diminished TGFβ1 expression and stimulation of FGFR1 and MMP-2 suggests a disbalance of tissue remodelation in the megaureter wall.
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    Human Defence Factors in Different Gestational Week Placenta : A Pilot Study
    (2025-01-13) Kamergrauzis, Andris; Pilmane, Māra; Junga, Anna; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
    Background: Numerous studies have shown the presence of multiple defence factors in placental tissue, although their role is partially understood; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB); human beta-defensin 2, 3, and 4 (HBD-2,3,4); cathelicidine (LL-37); heat shock protein 60 (HSP60); and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in dissimilar gestational week placental tissue and display correlations between immunoreactive cells. Methods: A total of 15 human placental tissue samples were acquired from mothers with different gestational weeks: 28, 31, and 40. Routine staining and immunohistochemistry for the samples were executed. The evaluation of data was performed with semi-quantitative methods, and, for statistical analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. Spearman’s rank correlation was used for calculating correlations. Results: NF-κB, HBD- 2,3,4, HSP60, and IL-10 expression were discovered in every examined placental tissue cell type. LL-37 expression was found only in Hofbauer cells. A rise in expression with higher gestational weeks was noted in LL-37-positive Hofbauer cells (p = 0.03), HBD-3-positive cytotrophoblasts (p = 0.007), endothelial cells (p = 0.024), extraembryonic mesodermal cells (p = 0.004), and HBD-4-positive endothelial cells (p = 0.001). Numerous statistically significant moderate and strong positive correlations between defence factors were discovered. Conclusions: The persistence of Hofbauer cell accumulations underlines the growing significance of placental macrophages in placental protection. The expression of positive defence factors and a rise in expression in tissue protection factors (HBD-3, LL-37, HBD-4) in higher gestational weeks may indicate these factors as the most significant protectors of the placenta in ontogenetic aspects. The high number of statistically significant positive and negative correlations between positive cells show a strong network to sustain distressed placental growth and therefore pregnancy.
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    Intraabdominālu saaugumu veidošanās un norises kompleksie morfopatoģenētiskie aspekti bērniem līdz gada vecumam. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2019) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Ābola, Zane
    Intraabdomināli saaugumi ir fibrozi savienojumi starp vēdera dobuma orgāniem un/vai vēdera dobuma orgāniem un vēdera dobuma sienu. Tie var būt iegūti vai iedzimti. Iegūtus saaugumus galvenokārt iedala iekaisuma izraisītos un postoperatīvos saaugumos. Savukārt iedzimtus saaugumus saista ar vēdera dobuma embrionālās attīstības traucējumiem un/vai pat ar embrioģenēzes ģenētisku defektu. Intraabdomināli saaugumi var būt asimptomātiski, bet tie var būt arī tādas bīstamas komplikācijas kā intestinālas obstrukcijas cēlonis. Intraabdominālu saaugumu morfopatoģenēze ir komplekss process, kurš tiek raksturots ar ekstracelulārās matrices uzkrāšanos, audu hipoksiju un iekaisuma klātbūtni. Pētījuma mērķis bija noteikt un aprakstīt morfopatoģenētiskos faktorus, kas saistīti ar intraabdominālu saaugumu veidošanos un norisi, kā arī aprakstīt to savstarpējo mijiedarbību. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 50 saaugumu audu paraugi no 49 pacientiem ar pilnīgu vai daļēju kuņģa zarnu trakta necaurejamību un astoņu kontroles vēderplēves audu materiāls, kas iegūts, veicot cirkšņa trūces plastiku. Visi audu paraugi tika iegūti no pacientiem vecumā līdz vienam gadam. Ar imūnhistoķīmijas metodi tika izvērtēts transformējošā augšanas faktora β (TGFβ), hepatocītu augšanas faktora (HGF), bāziskā fibroblastu augšanas faktora (FGF-2), fibroblastu augšanas faktora receptora 1 (FGFR1), vaskulārā endoteliālā augšanas faktora (VEGF), proteīna gēnu produkta 9,5 (PGP 9.5), hromogranīna A (CgA), interleikīna-1 alfa (IL-1α), interleikīna-4 (IL-4), interleikīna-6 (IL-6), interleikīna-7 (IL-7), interleikīna-8 (IL-8), interleikīna-10 (IL-10), tumoru nekrozes faktora alfa (TNFα), cilvēka beta defensīna-2 (HBD-2); matrices metaloproteināzes-2 (MMP-2) un matrices metaloproteināzes-2 audu inhibitora (TIMP-2) imūnreaktīvo struktūru relatīvais daudzums. Jaundzimušo saaugumus raksturo nespecifiskas audu pārmaiņas kā fibroze un neoangioģenēze. Savukārt, modificētas formas mezoteliocīti, fibroblasti, kas tādi izveidojušies šūnu fenotipa maiņas rezultātā, un gigantšūnu klātbūtne vērtējamas kā specifiskas saaugumu pazīmes uz ilgstoša iekaisuma fona. Intraabdominālus saaugumus raksturo palielināta TGFβ, VEGF, FGFR1 un samazināta FGF-2, HGF, PGP 9.5, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TIMP-2 atradne. Būtiskākie aspekti, kas ietekmē saaugumu veidošanos un uzturēšanu bērniem, ir saistīti ar izmaiņām ekstracelulārās matrices remodelācijā, neoangioģenēzes veicināšanu un ilgstošu iekaisuma uzturēšanu, kā arī savdabīgu audu faktoru circulus vitiosus veidošanos, kas vērsts uz fibrozes veidošanu audu iekaisuma atbildes izsīkuma apstākļos. Tādējādi svarīgākie marķieri jaundzimušo saaugumu prognostikā un diagnostikā ir TGFβ, VEGF, HGF, IL-1 un IL-4.
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    Intraabdominālu saaugumu veidošanās un norises kompleksie morfopatoģenētiskie aspekti bērniem līdz gada vecumam. Promocijas darbs
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2019) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Ābola, Zane
    Intraabdomināli saaugumi ir fibrozi savienojumi starp vēdera dobuma orgāniem un/vai vēdera dobuma orgāniem un vēdera dobuma sienu. Tie var būt iegūti vai iedzimti. Iegūtus saaugumus galvenokārt iedala iekaisuma izraisītos un postoperatīvos saaugumos. Savukārt iedzimtus saaugumus saista ar vēdera dobuma embrionālās attīstības traucējumiem un/vai pat ar embrioģenēzes ģenētisku defektu. Intraabdomināli saaugumi var būt asimptomātiski, bet tie var būt arī tādas bīstamas komplikācijas kā intestinālas obstrukcijas cēlonis. Intraabdominālu saaugumu morfopatoģenēze ir komplekss process, kurš tiek raksturots ar ekstracelulārās matrices uzkrāšanos, audu hipoksiju un iekaisuma klātbūtni. Pētījuma mērķis bija noteikt un aprakstīt morfopatoģenētiskos faktorus, kas saistīti ar intraabdominālu saaugumu veidošanos un norisi, kā arī aprakstīt to savstarpējo mijiedarbību. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 50 saaugumu audu paraugi no 49 pacientiem ar pilnīgu vai daļēju kuņģa zarnu trakta necaurejamību un astoņu kontroles vēderplēves audu materiāls, kas iegūts, veicot cirkšņa trūces plastiku. Visi audu paraugi tika iegūti no pacientiem vecumā līdz vienam gadam. Ar imūnhistoķīmijas metodi tika izvērtēts transformējošā augšanas faktora β (TGFβ), hepatocītu augšanas faktora (HGF), bāziskā fibroblastu augšanas faktora (FGF-2), fibroblastu augšanas faktora receptora 1 (FGFR1), vaskulārā endoteliālā augšanas faktora (VEGF), proteīna gēnu produkta 9,5 (PGP 9.5), hromogranīna A (CgA), interleikīna-1 alfa (IL-1α), interleikīna-4 (IL-4), interleikīna-6 (IL-6), interleikīna-7 (IL-7), interleikīna-8 (IL-8), interleikīna-10 (IL-10), tumoru nekrozes faktora alfa (TNFα), cilvēka beta defensīna-2 (HBD-2); matrices metaloproteināzes-2 (MMP-2) un matrices metaloproteināzes-2 audu inhibitora (TIMP-2) imūnreaktīvo struktūru relatīvais daudzums. Jaundzimušo saaugumus raksturo nespecifiskas audu pārmaiņas kā fibroze un neoangioģenēze. Savukārt, modificētas formas mezoteliocīti, fibroblasti, kas tādi izveidojušies šūnu fenotipa maiņas rezultātā, un gigantšūnu klātbūtne vērtējamas kā specifiskas saaugumu pazīmes uz ilgstoša iekaisuma fona. Intraabdominālus saaugumus raksturo palielināta TGFβ, VEGF, FGFR1 un samazināta FGF-2, HGF, PGP 9.5, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TIMP-2 atradne. Būtiskākie aspekti, kas ietekmē saaugumu veidošanos un uzturēšanu bērniem, ir saistīti ar izmaiņām ekstracelulārās matrices remodelācijā, neoangioģenēzes veicināšanu un ilgstošu iekaisuma uzturēšanu, kā arī savdabīgu audu faktoru circulus vitiosus veidošanos, kas vērsts uz fibrozes veidošanu audu iekaisuma atbildes izsīkuma apstākļos. Tādējādi svarīgākie marķieri jaundzimušo saaugumu prognostikā un diagnostikā ir TGFβ, VEGF, HGF, IL-1 un IL-4.
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    Investigation of HoxB3 and growth factors expression in placentas of various gestational ages
    (2022) Kreicberga, Ilze; Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
    An evaluation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factors receptor 1 (FGFR1) and Hox-positive cells in the human placenta, and their correlation with gestational time at delivery and pregnancy outcomes, may provide not only a better understanding of the role of Hox genes and growth factors in human development, but also may be of clinical importance in reproductive medicine. This study analyzed the immunohistochemical identification of TGFβ, HGF, FGF-2, FGFR1 and HoxB3 in placentas of various gestational ages. We found few (+) TGFβ, moderate (++) FGF-2 and numerous (+++) HGF and FGFR1 positive structures. Occasional (0/+) to numerous (+++) HoxB3-positive structures were detected in different types of placental cells specifically, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblast, extravillous trophoblasts, and Höfbauer cells. Correlating the appearance of HoxB3 staining in placentas with neonatal parameters, we found a statistically significant negative correlation with ponderal index (r = −0.323, p = 0.018) and positive correlation with neonate body length (r = 0.541, p = 0.046). The number of HoxB3-positive cells did not correlate with growth factors and gestational age, but with neonatal anthropometrical parameters, indicating the role of HoxB3 not only in placental development, but also in the longitudinal growth of the fetus. TGFβ and FGF-2 did not play a significant role in the development of the placenta beyond 22nd week of pregnancy, while HGF and FGFR1 immunoreactive cells increased with advancing gestation, indicating increasingly evolving maturation (growth, proliferation) of the placenta, especially in the third trimester.
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    The morphopathogenetic aspects of intraabdominal adhesions in children under one year of age
    (2019-09) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Ābola, Zane; Volrāts, Olafs; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Department of Paediatric Surgery
    Background and Objectives: The morphopathogenesis of adhesions is a complex process, characterized by the accumulation of an extracellular matrix, inflammation and hypoxia. The regulatory role between morphopathogenic factors in adhesions has not yet been defined. The aim was to investigate the appearance of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), chromogranin A (CgA), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), matrix metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metaloproteinase-2 tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in intraabdominal adhesions. Materials and Methods: The study material was obtained from 49 patients under one year of age with total or partial bowel obstruction. All factors were detected using immunohistochemistry methods and their relative distribution was evaluated by means of the semiquantitative counting method. Results: Intraabdominal adhesions are characterized by increased TGFβ, FGFR1 and decreased FGF-2, PGP 9.5, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TIMP-2 findings. The most significant changes observed were the remodulation of the extracellular matrix, promotion of neoangiogenesis and the maintenance of a prolonged inflammation. Conclusions: The increase in TGFβ, as well as the disbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 proves an increased fibrosis in intraabdominal adhesions. Less detected FGF-2 and more prominent FGR1 findings points out a compensatory receptor stimulation in response to the lacking same factor. The decrease in PGP 9.5 indicate hypoxic injury and proves the stimulation of neoangiogenesis. An unpronounced IL-1 and marked IL-10 finding indicate the local tissue protection reaction, the decrease in IL-4 could be the direct cause of giant cells, but the decrease of IL-8 could confirm a delayed chemotaxis of inflammatory cells.
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    The Complex Morphopathogenetic Aspects of Intraabdominal Adhesions Development and Course in Infants. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2019) Junga, Anna; Pilmane, Māra; Ābola, Zane
    Intraabdominal adhesions are fibrous connections between the abdominal organs and/or the abdominal wall. These can be acquired or inborn. Most of the acquired adhesions occur due to inflammatory processes or postoperatively. Inborn adhesions are believed to be the result of a perturbated embrional development and/or even genetically determined defects in embriongenesis. Intraabdominal adhesions can be assymptomatic, but they also can cause dangerous complications, such as bowel obstruction. The morphopathogenesis of intraabdominal adhesions is a complex process, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix, tissue hypoxia and inflammation. It was the aim of this study to determine and describe the morphopathogenic factors, accompanying intraabdominal adhesion formation and their interactions. 50 specimen from 49 patients with total or partial bowel obstruction and eight control peritoneal samples, obtained during hernioplasty, were analyzed in the study. All tissue samples were obtained from patients aged one year or younger. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), chromogranin A (CgA), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), human beta defensine-2 (HBD-2), matrix metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metaloproteinase-2 tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) containing structures were analyzed, using immunohistochemical methods. Neonatal adhesions are characterized by unspecific changes, such as fibrosis and neoangiogenesis, as well as changes specific to chronic inflammation, such as mesotheliocytes and fibroblasts of modified shape, due to a phenotypic change in the cell, as well as giant cells. Intraabdominal adhesions ar characterized by an increased TGFβ, VEGF, FGFR1 and decreased FGF-2, HGF, PGP 9.5, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8, TIMP-2 findings. Key factors, contributing to the formation and persistance of adhesions, are remodelation of the extracellular matrix, neoangiogenesis and persisting iflammation, that, in times of a depleted inflammatory response, results in a peculiar circulus vitiosus. Thus, the most significant markers in the progonosis and diagnosis of adhesions in newborns are TGFβ, VEGF, HGF, IL-1 un IL-4.