Browsing by Author "Ivaščenko, Tarass"

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    DEPRESSION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS INTERACTION IN STABLE CORONARY HEART DISEASE
    (2022) Ivaščenko, Tarass; Voicehovskis, Vladimirs V.; Kalējs, Oskars; Voicehovska, Jūlija G.; Šķesters, Andrejs; Pahomova, Natālija; Lejnieks, Aivars; Department of Internal Diseases; Bioķīmijas zinātniskā laboratorija
    It was concluded that depression (D) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and is not related to other previously determined cardiac risk factors. Compared with non-depressed patients, the risk of cardiac arrest increased in less severely depressed patients. D worsens the CVD prognosis by significantly increasing the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD). Some studies suggest that OS directly increases the risk of D in patients with CVD. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered an emergency mechanism that relates to both CVD and D pathophysiology. The common risk factors increase the production of OS and reduce antioxidant defences, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of interacted ischaemic CVD and D. At present, there is insufficient evidence that routine screening of D in patients with CHD will ultimately help improve the patient's condition. This review reiterates the need for a multidisciplinary approach, which is necessary to understand, diagnose and then treat this frequent co-morbid condition of CHD and D. Assessment of OS markers could modify risk stratification, diagnosis and prevention and treatment of patients with both CHD and D, in patients with and without previous cardiac history.
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    Gpx and MDA Oxidative Stress Markers and Severity of Depression as Predictives of Recurrent Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Doctoral Thesis
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2023) Ivaščenko, Tarass; Voicehovskis, Vladimirs; Kalējs, Oskars
    Background. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death globally, taking over one-third of all deaths worldwide. Multiple research results are confirming coronary heart disease and depression as highly comorbid, associating depression with an increased risk of incidents of coronary heart disease and vice versa, and depression is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease outcome. One of the mechanisms that may explain the interaction between depression and cardiovascular diseases is oxidative stress. Assessment of oxidative stress markers could modify risk stratification, diagnosis and prevention, and treatment of coronary heart disease and depression patients. Aim. To investigate the relationships between oxidative stress biomarkers, the prevalence of depression, and the risk of recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Methods. A retrospective case-control study, comparing patients with primary stable coronary heart disease with patients who have recurrent stable coronary heart disease by determining oxidative markers levels and depression signs and severity. Medical record analysis, structured interview, Geriatric Depression Scale, and blood samples to detect oxidative stress markers MDA and GPx were used as investigation methods. Results and discussion. 174 patients were included in this study – 49.4% with primary coronary heart disease and 50.6% with recurrent. The majority of the sample (83.9%) had high levels of MDA and for the rest of them, the MDA level was considered normal. MDA level was slightly higher in primary stable coronary heart disease group without depression. For the majority of the patients (72.4%) the GPx level was normal, for 17.8% it was high, and for 9.8% – low. Slightly more than half of the patients were experiencing depression (44.3% – mild and 6.9% – severe). Oxidative stress is a risk factor for coronary heart recurrence, especially in depressed patients. The prevalence of depression was higher in patients with recurrent coronary heart disease. Patients with both high GPx and depression had 10.6 times higher chances of recurrent stable coronary heart disease compared to those with normal GPx and without depression. Conclusions. Elevated GPx level was more common among patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. GPx levels were also higher in depressed patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. The majority of patients had high levels of MDA with higher rates in patients with primary stable coronary heart disease. More than a half of patients were experiencing mild or severe depression symptoms with higher rates among patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Patients with high GPx and depression have higher chances of recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Increased MDA level is a risk factor for stable coronary heart disease in general but it does not link to depression severity and recurrence of stable coronary heart disease. Hence antioxidant enzyme GPx is a more significant marker of the risk of depression and recurrence of stable coronary heart disease.
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    Gpx and MDA Oxidative Stress Markers and Severity of Depression as Predictives of Recurrent Stable Coronary Heart Disease. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2023) Ivaščenko, Tarass; Voicehovskis, Vladimirs; Kalējs, Oskars
    Background. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death globally, taking over one-third of all deaths worldwide. Multiple research results are confirming coronary heart disease and depression as highly comorbid, associating depression with an increased risk of incidents of coronary heart disease and vice versa, and depression is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease outcome. One of the mechanisms that may explain the interaction between depression and cardiovascular diseases is oxidative stress. Assessment of oxidative stress markers could modify risk stratification, diagnosis and prevention, and treatment of coronary heart disease and depression patients. Aim. To investigate the relationships between oxidative stress biomarkers, the prevalence of depression, and the risk of recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Methods. A retrospective case-control study, comparing patients with primary stable coronary heart disease with patients who have recurrent stable coronary heart disease by determining oxidative markers levels and depression signs and severity. Medical record analysis, structured interview, Geriatric Depression Scale, and blood samples to detect oxidative stress markers MDA and GPx were used as investigation methods. Results and discussion. 174 patients were included in this study – 49.4% with primary coronary heart disease and 50.6% with recurrent. The majority of the sample (83.9%) had high levels of MDA and for the rest of them, the MDA level was considered normal. MDA level was slightly higher in primary stable coronary heart disease group without depression. For the majority of the patients (72.4%) the GPx level was normal, for 17.8% it was high, and for 9.8% – low. Slightly more than half of the patients were experiencing depression (44.3% – mild and 6.9% – severe). Oxidative stress is a risk factor for coronary heart recurrence, especially in depressed patients. The prevalence of depression was higher in patients with recurrent coronary heart disease. Patients with both high GPx and depression had 10.6 times higher chances of recurrent stable coronary heart disease compared to those with normal GPx and without depression. Conclusions. Elevated GPx level was more common among patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. GPx levels were also higher in depressed patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. The majority of patients had high levels of MDA with higher rates in patients with primary stable coronary heart disease. More than a half of patients were experiencing mild or severe depression symptoms with higher rates among patients with recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Patients with high GPx and depression have higher chances of recurrent stable coronary heart disease. Increased MDA level is a risk factor for stable coronary heart disease in general but it does not link to depression severity and recurrence of stable coronary heart disease. Hence antioxidant enzyme GPx is a more significant marker of the risk of depression and recurrence of stable coronary heart disease.
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    Oksidatīvā stresa marķieri GPx un MDA un depresijas smagums kā atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu prognostiskie faktori. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2023) Ivaščenko, Tarass; Voicehovskis, Vladimirs; Kalējs, Oskars
    Ievads. Kardiovaskulārās slimības ir galvenais nāves cēlonis pasaulē – vairāk nekā trešdaļai visu nāvju. Vairāki pētījumu dati apstiprina, ka koronārajai sirds slimībai un depresijai ir augsta komorbiditāte, depresija ir saistīta ar paaugstinātu koronārās sirds slimības attīstības risku, un otrādi, kā arī depresija ir spēcīgs koronārās sirds slimības iznākuma prognostiskais faktors. Viens no galvenajiem mehānismiem, kas izskaidro mijiedarbību starp depresiju un koronāro sirds slimību, ir oksidatīvais stress. Oksidatīvā stresa marķieru novērtēšana var savlaicīgi mazināt atkārtotas hospitalizācijas risku sakarā ar koronāro sirds slimību, uzlabot diagnozes noteikšanu, ārstēšanu un profilaksi pacientiem ar koronāro sirds slimību un depresiju. Mērķis. Izpētīt oksidatīvā stresa biomarķieru līmeņa izmaiņas un to iespējamo prevalējošo korelāciju ar depresiju un atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības (SKSS) notikumu riskiem. Metodes. Retrospektīvs gadījumu kontroles pētījums, kurā salīdzināti pacienti ar primāru un atkārtotu koronārās sirds slimības notikumu, nosakot oksidatīvā stresa marķieru līmeni un depresijas smagumu. Tika izmantotas šādas metodes: medicīnisko ierakstu analīze, strukturētas pacientu intervijas, geriatrijas depresijas skala, asins analīzes MDA un GPx līmeņa noteikšanai. Rezultāti un diskusija. Pētījumā tika iekļauti 174 pacienti: 49,4 % ar primāru stabilu koronārās sirds slimības notikumu un 50,6 % ar atkārtotu notikumu. Lielākajai izlases daļai (83,9 %) bija augsti MDA rādītāji, bet pārējiem MDA bija normas robežās. MDA līmenis bija nedaudz augstāks pacientiem bez depresijas ar primāru stabilu koronāro sirds slimību. Lielākajai daļai pacientu (72,4 %) GPx līmenis bija normāls, 17,8 % tas bija augsts, bet 9,8 % – zems. Nedaudz vairāk nekā pusei pacientu konstatēja depresiju (44,3 % vidēji smagu un 6,9 % smagu). Oksidatīvais stress ir viens no riska faktoriem atkārtotai stabilai koronārajai sirds slimībai, it īpaši pacientiem ar depresiju. Depresijas izplatība bija augstāka pacientiem ar atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu. Pacientiem ar augstu GPx līmeni un depresiju ir 10,6 reizes augstāks risks, ka koronārā sirds slimība attīstīsies atkārtoti salīdzinājumā ar pacientiem bez depresijas un ar normālu GPx līmeni. Secinājumi. Paaugstināts GPx līmenis ir biežāk sastopams pacientiem ar atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu. GPx līmenis bija augstāks depresīviem pacientiem ar atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu. Lielākajai daļai pacientu bija augsts MDA ar augstākiem rādītājiem pacientiem ar primāru stabilu koronāro sirds slimību. Vairāk nekā pusei pacientu tika konstatēti vidēji smagas vai smagas depresijas simptomi ar augstākiem rādītājiem pacientiem ar atkārtotu stabilu koronāro sirds slimību. Pacientiem ar augstu GPx līmeni un depresiju ir augstāki atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu riski. Paaugstināts MDA līmenis ir riska faktors stabilai koronārajai sirds slimībai kopumā, bet nav saistīts ar depresijas smagumu un atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu varbūtību. Līdz ar to GPx ir nozīmīgāks depresijas un atkārtotu stabilas koronārās sirds slimības notikumu riska faktors.
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    Oxidative stress parameters in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder risk group patients
    (2012) Voicehovskis, Vladimirs; Ancane, Gunta; Voicehovska, Julija; Orlikovs, Grigorijs; Karpovs, Jurijs; Ivanovs, Igors; Škesters, Andrejs; Ancans, Andrejs; Silova, Alise; Ivaščenko, Tarass; Micans, Janis; Vaivads, Normunds; Umnova, Larisa; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Department of Internal Diseases; Bioķīmijas zinātniskā laboratorija; Department of Pathology
    Increased excitotoxity in response to stressors leads to oxidative stress (OS) due to accumulation of excess reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Neuronal membrane phospholipids are especially susceptible to oxidative damage, which alters signal transduction mechanisms. The Contingent of International Operations (CIO) has been subjected to various extreme stressors that could cause Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Former studies suggest that heterogeneity due to gender, race, age, nutritional condition and variable deployment factors and stressors produce challenges in studying these processes. The research aim was to assess OS levels in the PTSD risk group in CIO. In a prospective study, 143 participants who were Latvian CIO, regular personnel, males, Europeans, average age of 27.4, with the same tasks during the mission, were examined two months before and immediately after a six-month Peace Support Mission (PSM) in Afghanistan. PCL-M questionnaire, valid Latvian language "Military" version was used for PTSD evaluation. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation intensity and malondialdehyde (MDA) as OS indicators in blood were determined. Data were processed using SPSS 20.0. The MDA baseline was 2.5582 μM, which after PSM increased by 24.36% (3.1815 μM). The GPx baseline was 8061.98 U/L, which after PSM decreased by 9.35% (7308.31 U/L). The SOD baseline was 1449.20 U/gHB, which after PSM increased by 2.89% (1491.03 U/gHB). The PTSD symptom severity (total PCL-M score) baseline was 22.90 points, which after PSM increased by 14.45% (26.21 points). The PTSD Prevalence rate (PR) baseline was 0.0357, which after PSM increased by 147.06% (0.0882). We conclude that there is positive correlation between increase of OS, PTSD symptoms severity level, and PTSD PR in a group of patients with risk of PTSD - CIO. PTSD PR depends on MDA intensity and OS severity. OS and increased free radical level beyond excitotoxity, is a possible causal factor for clinical manifestation of PTSD.