Browsing by Author "Galeja, Zinta"

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    The assessment of static balance in children with hearing, visual and intellectual disabilities
    (2017) Klavina, Aija; Zusa-Rodke, Anna; Galeja, Zinta; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    Background: Balance is a fundamental part of many movement tasks a child performs. Maintaining upright posture is a complex process involving multiple body parts and functional systems. Objective: This study aimed to explore the mean amplitude and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) displacements during static balance tests in children with and without disabilities. Methods: Participants were 34 children (age 8.5 to 10.8 years) including 6 typically developed children, 8 children with hearing, 8 children with visual and 12 children with intellectual disabilities. Static balance data were obtained in 15 s bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and also in 10 s unipedal stance. A force plate was used to collect data of COP amplitude in anterior-posterior (COPA-P), medio-lateral (COPM-L) directions and COP velocity (COPV). Results: Study outcomes revealed that all subgroups presented larger COP displacement and velocity with eyes closed (p <.001). During bipedal stance with eyes open for results of COPM-L and COPV no significant differences were found between children with and without disabilities (p >.05). Children with intellectual and visual impairments presented significantly larger displacement in COPA-P and COPM-L in comparison with children with hearing impairment and without disability (p <.05). Conclusions: This study provided evidence of comparative outcomes on static stability assessment in elementary school children with and without disability. While in many test items children with disability did not demonstrate a significantly decreased level of postural control outcomes comparing to their peers without disability, the balance assessment should be used for early detection of dysfunction in children, so as to guide the application of appropriate intervention.
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    Changes in EMG and H-reflex characteristics of knee flexor muscles for athletes under the influence of central neural regulation
    (2021-03) Varpa, Normunds; Paeglītis, Alvis; Galeja, Zinta; Paasuke, Mati; Ereline, Jaan; Gapeyeva, Helena; Kums, Tatjana; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    Applied kinesiology (AK) diagnostic test is a manual muscle testing and technique widely used within the Integrative Medical community by sports doctors and sports physiotherapists. Empirically defined functionally weak muscles are the cause of a particular dysfunction of the organism, but it is not clear if there are physiological findings. Objective: Does a functionally altered state of central neural regulation (CNR) affect H-reflex and EMG characteristics? Material and methods: 34 (16 H-reflex measurements and 18 EMG measurements) healthy LASE students, 21± 0.3 years old, average height - 174 ± 2 cm and the average weight – 63±2 kg, was performed EMG and H-reflex measurements in normal and altered CNR functional states was done on the muscles of the gastrocnemius (GM) and biceps femoris (BF). Results: statistically significant changes (p<.05; .01) are observed in EMG and H-reflex characteristics in normal and altered CNR functional states. Conclusion: there are tendencies that a qualitatively assessed CNR condition can be assessed by quantitative measurements. The groups have a small number of participants, so research in this field should be continued.
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    Kakla – plecu joslas muskulatūras stiprināšana pandēmijas laikā 14 – 15 gadus veciem basketbolistiem : Strengthening the Neck and Shoulder Girdle Muscles in Basketball Players Aged 14 – 15 During the Covid-19 Pandemic
    (Rezekne Academy of Technologies, 2022-05-19) Škutāne, Sandra; Galeja, Zinta; Ušča, S.; Danilāne, L.; Laganovska, K.; Znotiņa, D.; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    During the COVID – 19 pandemic, opportunities for sport activities are limited and studies take place in front of the computer. Computer and telephones are an essential component of life among the youth aged 14-15, when school studies take place online. The human body tries to adapt to these changes. Over the past few years, a growing number of authors have studied the “text (message) neck syndrome,” which can be considered the new syndrome of the twenty-first century. In studies, the normal angle of the neck is considered to be 52°. At the beginning of our studies, we obtained the following indicators: the average angle of the neck was 56,04°, and the average angle of the shoulder was 49,34°. The disciples have been performing a set of 20 exercises during the study, which lasted for one month. In the repeated tests, we have obtained the following indicators: the average angle of the neck was 53,46°, and the average angle of the shoulder was 45,19°. Albeit the angle indicators are within the normal range, the indicators went down during the distance studies. We also drew the disciples’ attention to the protracted shoulders (PSs).
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    Relationship Between Postural Alignment in Standing By Photogrammetry and Static Balance in Children with Disabilities
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2017) Klavina, Aija; Galeja, Zinta; Lubkina, V.; Zvaigzne, A.; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    his study was executed to explore correlation between postural alignment in standing measured through photogrammetry and static balance in children with visual, hearing, intellectual and physical disability. METHODS: Participants were 34 children (age 7-12 years) including 8 children with hearing, 8 with visual, 6 with physical, and 12 children with intellectual disabilitiesPostural alignment in standing was measured through photogrammetry. Static balance data were obtained in 15 s bipedal stance with eyes open and eyes closed, and also in 10 s unipedal stance. A force plate was used to collect data of Centre of Pressure amplitude in anterior-posterior, medio-lateral directions and velocity. Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 19.0). RESULTS: Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.338 to r = 425; p ≤ 0.05) was found between angle of head position and angle of frontal and sagittal ASIS and PSIS level. Also, moderate positive correlation was found between angles in shoulder level and angles of the head (r = .365 to r = .453, p < .05). In assessing the static balance outcomes between the four groups, results presented significant differences in results during bipedal stance with eyes open. CONCLUSION: Degree of forward head posture correlates directly with hip and shoulder anatomical placement. Children with intellectual disability presented larger displacement of the center of pressure with more body sway observed during eyes open condition.
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    Sportistu kakla un krūšu daļas segmentu funkcionālā stāvokļa izmaiņas reflektora kairinājuma ietekmē. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums / Changes of Sportsmen Neck and Chest Segment Functional Condition Due to Reflector Irritation. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Latvian Academy of Sport Education, 2015) Galeja, Zinta; Paeglītis, Alvis
    Sports kinesiology and its practical application in sport training theory have given a significant contribution to athlete outstanding achievements. High qualification athlete physical ability performance capacity, improving the body's strength, endurance, speed, and flexibility has reached such a high level that for the improvement sport results should be found untapped body ability reserves. For example, in the literature sources are indications that the athlete work capacity depends also on the respiratory movement stereotype and for the improvement of work capacity it is important to optimize the stereotypes of respiratory movements. The authors indicate that the disorders of respiratory stereotype are associated with lung function, chest somatic system and psycho-emotional state (Smith, Rowley 2011). The authors also indicate that the optimization of respiratory movement stereotype should be performed in an integrated way preventing visceral, somatic and psychoemotional disorders (Smith, Rowley, 2011). Until now research has evolved in definite directions, such as sports physiology, sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, sports psychology, less studied is the integration of these particular research fields into a system, analyzing the athlete as a whole, that is, holistically. With the development of research technologies, has been observed rapid advancement in development of computerized methods in neurophysiology (microelectrode techniques, electroencephalography and electromyography (EMG), proton emission tomography), arthro kinematic control (radiological investigation of the dynamics), biomechanical parameter (3D video image analysis), spectral analysis of soft tissue physiological parameters (ultrasound, magnetic resonance - MR) and biochemical composition (Lee, Kelly, Steven, 1995; Benameur, Mignotte, Destrempes, De Guise, 2005). In each of these research areas, dealing with particular organ systems, have been obtained "significant'' results, however, the holistic research principle of body as a systems is not complies with. Such body differential research could be the cause of the fact that in practical treatment, as well as in the optimization of the training process, are searched and used particular results of these investigations. For example, functional disorders in spinal intervertebral joint are being searched using X-ray, ultrasound method, arthroscopy, magnetic resonance, etc., practically without considering other spinal vertebrae linked systems and their functional condition. At the same time, information in the literature confirms basic considerations about body as a united system, in which its existence ensures only optimal activity of its elements, therefore it is not important to evaluate definite diagnosis or syndrome, but rather objectively assess physical changes, thinking more about the patient as a system, in which should be prevented definite symptoms (Paris, 1997). For system optimal performance should be simultaneously aligned local, regional and central regulation processes, but at present available are only the differential studies for each region separately. For example, there are in-depth studies in the deviations of cervical vertebra functional condition and the changes of this segment arthro kinematic functions. Due to the technical developments neurophysiology only during the last 20 years begins to focus on the analysis of neural patterns in movement conduction and their connection to the quality of the movement execution. Mostly is analyzed the influence of pathological disorders (stroke, CNS trauma, etc.) of the structure of central nervous system (CNS) on the movement motor control, but the information on the adaptation capacities of movement organization patterns with the change of the condition of body somatic or vegetative structures is lacking. Experimental studies in empirically applied kinesiology have formulated the relationship between impact of different body structure functional changes on corresponding muscle neuromuscular regulation, causing changes in movement organization patterns (Walther, 2000; Frost, 2002). In none of these studies is given a physiological explanation of the impact of functionally weak muscle on other with motion organizations associated systems. With sports doctors and sports physiotherapists increasing engagement in athlete training process, more frequently as functional diagnostic method are used applied kinesiology tests. Empirical found "functionally weak muscles" are considered to be the cause of a particular body dysfunction. There is no clarity as to whether a particular muscle functional weakness prevention directly impacts the found body dysfunction or in the body as a whole occur adaptive changes affecting also the specific dysfunction. The clarification of such relationships allows more targeted use of applied kinesiology methods to improve athlete body functional ability. In one research Thesis it is not possible to include integrated analysis of all body regulating systems, therefore in the Thesis is researched the affect of neuromuscular regulation on neck-shoulder region of musculoskeletal system, on thoracic movements during respiratory cycle, and vice versa: the impact of these systems on the changes of neuromuscular regulation.
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    Sportistu kakla un krūšu daļas segmentu funkcionālā stāvokļa izmaiņas reflektora kairinājuma ietekmē. Promocijas darbs
    (Latvijas Sporta pedagoģijas akadēmija, 2015) Galeja, Zinta; Paeglītis, Alvis
    Sporta kinezioloģijā aprakstītā informācija un tās praktiskais lietojums sporta treniņu teorijā ir devis vērā ņemamu ieguldījumu sportistu augstu sasniegumu realizācijā. Augstas kvalifikācijas sportista fizisko spēju kapacitāte, uzlabojot organisma spēku, izturību, ātrumu, lokanību, ir sasniegusi tik augstu līmeni, ka sportiskā rezultāta uzlabošanai papildus jāmeklē vēl neizmantotas organisma spēju rezerves. Piemēram, literatūrā ir norādes, ka sportistu darbaspējas ir atkarīgas arī no elpošanas kustību stereotipa un darba spēju uzlabošanā ir svarīga šo elpošanas kustību stereotipu optimizācija. Autori norāda, ka elpošanas stereotipa traucējumi ir saistīti gan ar plaušu funkciju, gan ar krūšu kurvja somatisko sistēmu, gan ar psihoemocionālo stāvokli (Smith, Rowley 2011). Autori norāda arī to, ka šī elpošanas kustību stereotipa optimizēšana jāveic, kompleksi novēršot gan viscerālos, gan somatiskos, gan psihoemocionālos traucējumus (Smith, Rowley, 2011). Ja līdz šim pētniecība ir attīstījusies atsevišķos virzienos, piemēram, kā sporta fizioloģija, sporta biomehānika, sporta bioķīmija, sporta psiholoģija, tad mazāk pētīts ir šo atsevišķo pētniecības nozaru integrēšana sistēmā, analizējot sportistu kā vienotu veselumu, tas ir, holistiski. Attīstoties pētniecības tehnoloģijām, strauji pilnveidojušās neirofizioloģijas (mikroelektrodu tehnikas, elektroecefalogrāfijas un elektromiogrāfijas (EMG) datorizētās metodes, protonu emisijas tomogrāfijas metodes), artrokinemātiskās kontroles ( radioloģiskā izmeklēšana dinamikā), biomehānisko parametru (3D video attēlu analīzes), mīksto audu fizioloģisko parametru (ultrasonogrāfijas, magnētiskā rezonanse - MR) un bioķīmiskā sastāva spektrālanalīzes pētījumi (Lee, Kelly, Steven, 1995; Benameur, Mignotte, Destrempes, De Guise, 2005). Katrā no šiem pētniecības virzieniem, kas apskata atsevišķas orgānu sistēmas, ir iegūti „ vērā ņemami’’ rezultāti, tomēr netiek ievērots organisma kā sistēmas pētniecības holistiskais princips. Šādi organisma diferenciālie pētījumi varētu būt par cēloni tam, ka praktiskajā terapijā, kā arī treniņa procesa optimizēšanā tiek meklēti un lietoti atsevišķi šo pētījumu rezultāti. Piemēram, funkcionālie traucējumi muguras starpskriemeļu locītavā tiek meklēti, izmantojot rentgena, ultraskaņas metodi, artroskopiju, magnētiskās rezonanses metodi u.c., praktiski neinteresējoties par citām ar muguras skriemeļiem saistītām sistēmām un to funkcionālo stāvokli. Tai pat laikā, literatūras informācija apstiprina pamatnostādnes par organismu kā vienotu sistēmu, kurā tikai optimāla šīs sistēmas elementu darbība nodrošina tās pastāvēšanu, tāpēc nav svarīgi vērtēt noteiktu diagnozi vai sindromu, bet gan jāvērtē objektīvas fiziskās izmaiņas, domājot vairāk par pacientu kā sistēmu, kurā jānovērš konkrētā simptomātika (Paris,1997). Sistēmas optimālai darbībai vienlaicīgi jāsalāgo lokālie, reģionālie un centrālie regulācijas procesi, bet diemžēl šobrīd ir tikai diferenciāli pētījumi par katru reģionu atsevišķi. Piemēram, ir padziļināti pētījumi par kakla skriemeļu funkcionālā stāvokļu novirzēm un šī segmenta artrokinemātisko funkciju izmaiņām. Tehnisku iespēju dēļ neirofizioloģijā tikai pēdējo 20 gadu laikā sāk pievērsties kustību vadīšanas neirālo „patternu’’ analīzei un to saistībai ar kustību realizācijas kvalitāti. Lielāko tiesu ir analizētas centrālās nervu sistēmas (CNS) struktūru patoloģisko darbības traucējumu ( insultu, CNS traumu u.c.) ietekme uz kustību motoro kontroli, bet trūkst informācijas par kustību organizācijas „patternu’’ adaptācijas spējām, izmainoties organisma somatisko vai veģetatīvo struktūru stāvoklim. Eksperimentālajos pētījumos empīriski pielietojamā kinezioloģija ir noformulēta sakarība starp dažādu organisma struktūru funkcionālo izmaiņu ietekmi uz atbilstošu muskuļu neiromuskulāro regulāciju, kas izraisa izmaiņas kustību organizācijas patternos ( Walther, 2000; Frost, 2002). Nevienā no šiem pētījumiem nav dots fizioloģisks skaidrojums funkcionāli vāja muskuļa ietekmei uz citām ar kustību organizāciju saistītām sistēmām. Iesaistoties sporta ārstiem un sporta fizioterapeitiem sportistu treniņu procesā, arvien biežāk kā funkcionālas diagnostikas metode tiek pielietoti pielietojamās kinezioloģijas testi. Empīriski konstatētie „funkcionāli vājie muskuļi” tiek uzskatīti par cēloni kādai konkrētai organisma disfunkcijai. Nav skaidrības par to, vai konkrētā muskuļa funkcionālā vājuma novēršana tieši ietekmēs konstatēto organisma disfunkciju vai organismā kopumā notiks adaptīvas izmaiņas, kas ietekmēs arī konkrēto disfunkciju. Šādu sakarību skaidrošana ļauj mērķtiecīgāk izmantot pielietojamās kinezioloģijas metodes sportistu organisma funkcionālo spēju uzlabošanai. Viena pētniecības darba ietvaros nav iespējams iekļaut visu organismu regulējošo sistēmu integrālo analīzi, tāpēc darbā pētīta neiromuskulārās regulācijas ietekme uz balsta kustību sistēmas kakla plecu daļu, uz krūšu kurvja kustībām elpošanas ciklā un otrādi šo sistēmu saistība ar neiromuskulārās regulācijas izmaiņām.