Browsing by Author "Ciproviča, Inga"

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    The Gut Microbiome among Postmenopausal Latvian Women in Relation to Dietary Habits
    (2022-08-30) Aumeistere, Līva; Ķibilds, Juris; Siksna, Inese; Neimane, Lolita Vija; Kampara, Māra; Ļubina, Olga; Ciproviča, Inga; Rehabilitācijas fakultāte
    In recent years, many studies have been initiated to characterise the human gut microbiome in relation to different factors like age, lifestyle, and dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoghurt intake on the gut microbiome among postmenopausal women and how overall dietary habits modulate the gut microbiome. In total, 52 participants were included in the study and two groups—a control (n = 26) and experimental group (n = 26)—were established. The study was eight weeks long. Both study groups were allowed to consume a self-selected diet, but the experimental group had to additionally consume 175 g of plain organic milk yoghurt on a daily basis for eight weeks. In addition, a series of questionnaires were completed, including a questionnaire on the subject’s sociodemographic background, health status, and lifestyle factors, as well as a food frequency questionnaire. Stool samples were collected for the analysis of the gut microbiome (both prior to and after the eight weeks of the study). Sequencing of V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the bacterial composition of stool samples. The dominant phylum from the gut microbiome was Firmicutes (~70% to 73%), followed by Bacteroidota (~20% to 23%). Although no significant changes in the gut microbiome were related to daily consumption of yoghurt, we report that consumption of food products like grains, grain-based products, milk and milk products, and beverages (tea, coffee) is associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiome. Establishing nutritional strategies to shape the gut microbiome could contribute to improved health status in postmenopausal women, but further research is needed.
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    Impact of maternal diet on human milk composition among lactating women in Latvia
    (2019-05) Aumeistere, Līva; Ciproviča, Inga; Zavadska, Dace; Andersons, Juris; Volkovs, Viktors; Ceļmalniece, Kristīne; Department of Paediatrics
    Background and objectives: Many studies indicate that the maternal diet is an important factor affecting human milk composition. Human milk composition among lactating women in Latvia, as well as the maternal diet during lactation, has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this research was to assess dietary habits and macronutrient intake among lactating women in Latvia and to examine the effect of diet on human milk composition. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted between November 2016 and December 2017. Mature human milk samples (n = 61) along with a 72h food diary, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and a questionnaire about maternal and infant characteristics were obtained from voluntary women who were recruited via an invitation published in a social media member group for nursing mothers. Fat content in human milk was determined by LVS ISO 2446:2008, protein content was determined by LVS EN ISO 8968-1:2014, lactose was determined by ISO 22662:2007, and the fatty acid profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. Dietary data were evaluated using the Finnish food composition database Fineli, release 19 (3 March 2018). Results: Median values for fat, protein, and lactose in mature human milk were 4.40%, 1.08%, and 6.52%, respectively. Predominant fatty acids in human milk were oleic acid (C18:1 n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) at 34.60%, 24.00%, and 11.00% of total fatty acids, respectively. The trans elaidic acid (C18:1 n9t) level was <0.10% in all human milk samples. Significant, positive associations (p < 0.05) were found between maternal dietary intake of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, total cis-monounsaturated, total cis-polyunsaturated, and total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of n-6/n-3, and the level of these fatty acids in human milk. Total energy and carbohydrate intake among participants were lower, but total fat, saturated fat, and sugar intake were higher than recommended. Protein, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid intake were adequate, but docosahexaenoic acid intake was noticeably lower than recommended. Women should be supported with information regarding their nutritional needs during lactation and the possible impact of diet on human milk composition. Conclusion: Macronutrient (fat, protein, and lactose) content in human milk is not affected by maternal diet. Conversely, the human milk fatty acid profile is affected by the immediate diet consumed by the mother. Habitual dietary habits can also impact the fatty acid profile of human milk.
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    Nutrition and Bone Health Among Postmenopausal Latvian Women
    (2023-12) Aumeistere, Līva; Siksna, Inese; Neimane, Lolita Vija; Kampara, Māra; Ļubina, Olga; Ciproviča, Inga; Sabiedrības veselības un sociālās labklājības fakultāte
    The aim of this study was to assess the impact of yoghurt consumption on bone health among postmenopausal Latvian women. In the study, 52 participants were divided into two groups — control (n = 26) and experimental group (n = 26). Both study groups were able to consume a self-selected diet, but the experimental group had to additionally consume 175 g of plain organic milk yoghurt on a daily basis for eight weeks. 72-hour food diaries were obtained prior to and after the eight-week experiment. To evaluate bone mass density, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed prior to the eight-week experiment. 25-OH-Vitamin D and calcium blood serum levels were evaluated prior to and after the eight-week experiment. DEXA revealed osteoporotic values at the lumbar spine or femoral neck region for ten participants. The 25-OH-Vitamin D blood serum level among the participants was sufficient (30.0–44.9 ng·ml−1). Calcium blood serum levels were within reference values (2.1–2.6 mmol·l−1) for all participants. No significant difference was found regarding yogurt consumption and calcium blood serum levels (p = 0.400). Although the majority of participants noted milk and milk product consumption on a daily basis, the daily calcium intake only reached the lowest recommended value for adults (800 mg). Vitamin D intake from food and dietary supplements significantly varied (0 to 302.08 µg a day). For the prevention of osteoporosis, it is necessary to promote the consumption of fermented milk products and vitamin D supplementation among postmenopausal women.
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    Zinc content in breast milk and its association with maternal diet
    (2018-10-05) Aumeistere, Līva; Ciproviča, Inga; Zavadska, Dace; Bavrins, Konstantīns; Borisova, Anastasija; Department of Paediatrics
    Background: Zinc is an indispensable element, being involved in many biological processes. Correspondingly, insufficient zinc intake in early youth can detrimentally affect the function of a growing body. The aim of this study was to determine zinc content in breast milk among lactating women in Latvia and factors (maternal diet; mother’s and baby’s characteristics; breastfeeding pattern) affecting it. Methods: In total, 62 mature milk (at least one month postpartum) samples were collected and pooled within 24 h. Zinc content (mg 100 mL−1) was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Agilent 7700×, Agilent Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). Results: Zinc content in mature breast milk ranged from 0.01 to 0.34 mg 100 mL−1 with a median (interquartile range) content of 0.10 (0.05–0.15) mg 100 mL−1. Time postpartum was a significant negative predictor for zinc content in breast milk (r = −0.500; p = 0.000). Median maternal zinc intake was 10.70 (7.24–15.27) mg. Yet, zinc content in breast milk was unaffected by maternal dietary zinc intake (r = 0.155; p = 0.221). Conclusions: Maternal dietary zinc intake was nearly the recommended intake for lactating women (11 mg), but due to low zinc content in breast milk, babies in Latvia might not receive sufficient zinc intake. Future research should aim for the assessment of zinc status by evaluating plasma or serum levels of both mothers and babies.