Browsing by Author "Bormane, Antra"

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    Comparison of Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) clinical disease in children and adults – population-based study in Latvia, 2018-2020
    (2023-10-22) Freimane, Zane; Karelis, Guntis; Harper, Lisa; Bender, Cody; Zhang, Pingping; Angulo, Frederick; Erber, Wilhelm; Bormane, Antra; Griškevica, Aija; Pilz, Andreas; Madhava, Harish; Zavadska, Dace; Department of Paediatrics; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery
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    Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Infection in Humans in Latvia : Evidence of Underdiagnosed and Underreported Cases
    (2022-04) Deksne, Gunita; Krūmiņš, Agris; Mateusa, Maira; Morozovs, Vladimirs; Šveisberga , Dārta Paula; Karotinska, Rita; Bormane, Antra; Vīksna, Ludmila; Krūmiņa, Angelika; Faculty of Medicine
    Background and Objectives: Protozoan parasites—Cryptosporidium and Giardia—are important causes of diarrhea with an underestimated short-term burden on childhood growth and wellbeing in children under five years of age. The main transmission routes for both parasites are food and drinking water; transmission from person to person; and, due to their zoonotic nature, from domestic or wild animals to humans. The aims of the present study were to summarize the officially reported human cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in Latvia and to assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in children within a prospective prevalence study. Materials and Methods: The number of officially reported cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the time period of 2000–2020 was collected from the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia. Data from a clinical diagnostic laboratory were included in the study in the period from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Additionally, a prospective study was performed, and fecal samples were collected from unique 0–17-year-old patients from January to February 2021 and tested using fluorescent microscopy. Results: Overall, during the 20-year period, 71 cases (mean per year = 9) of cryptosporidiosis and 1020 (mean per year = 34) cases of giardiasis were officially reported in Latvia. Meanwhile, within the prospective study, we found 35 (6.0%; 95%CI 4.3–8.1) Cryptosporidium and 42 (7.2%; 95%CI 5.3–9.6) Giardia cases. Conclusions: Here, we provide clear proof that both Cryptosporidium and Giardia are underdiagnosed in Latvia, which could also be true for neighboring Baltic and European countries, where a low number of cases are officially reported. Therefore, we highlight the hypothesis that the actual number of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis human cases in the Baltic states is higher than that officially reported, including in Latvia.
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    Tick-borne encephalitis : A 43-year summary of epidemiological and clinical data from Latvia (1973 to 2016)
    (2018-11-01) Zavadska, Dace; Odzelevica, Zane; Karelis, Guntis; Liepina, Lelde; Litauniece, Zane Anna; Bormane, Antra; Lucenko, Irina; Perevoscikovs, Jurijs; Bridina, Linda; Veide, Laura; Krumina, Angelika; Storozenko, Jelena; Erber, Wilhelm; Htar, Myint Tin Tin; Schmitt, Heinz Josef; Department of Paediatrics; Department of Infectology
    Background The incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) varies significantly over time. To better understand the annual incidence of all TBE cases in Latvia we investigated the disease burden in the country from 1973-2016 using several available sources and case definitions. Methods We identified cases of TBE from an electronic database (maintained by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia [CDPC]) by the use of ICD-10 diagnosis codes for TBE (A84; A84.0; A84.1; A84.8; A84.9). In addition, previously unreported TBE cases were found by review of TBE diagnoses according to ICD-10 codes in four hospital databases. Results From 1973 to 2016 a total of 15,193 TBE cases were reported to the CDPC, 2,819 of which were reported from January 2007 through December 2016, additionally for this time period, 104 cases were identified via hospital survey. From all 2,923 reported cases (2007-2016), 1,973 met TBE case definition criteria and were included in the TBE study analysis. The highest average 10 year incidence was observed from 1990-1999 (27.9 cases per 100,000; range 4.6-53.0), however, the average 10-year incidence from 2007-2016 using officially adopted TBE case definition was 9.6 cases per 100,000 (range 5.8-14.6). For this 10-year time period most cases were adults (95.1%) and male (52.2%). The most common clinical form of TBE was meningitis (90.6%). A tick bite prior to TBE onset was reported in 60.6% of TBE cases and 98.2% of cases were not vaccinated against TBE. Conclusion The data demonstrate that the incidence of TBE varies by about one third based on the case definition used. TBE occurs almost entirely in the unvaccinated population. Regular TBE awareness campaigns could encourage the population in Latvia to use protective measures to further control TBE in the country, either via vaccination or tick avoidance.