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Browsing by Author "Bite, Kitija"

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    Augstskolas autonomija kā demokrātisks pārvaldības princips Latvijā
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Bite, Kitija; Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Juridiskā fakultāte, Latvija
    Autonomy of a university is a right to self-determine its existence and operation. Autonomy is not the absolute freedom of action of the institution, but rather the liberty to operate within the national legal framework. Autonomy embraces the democratic principles of a governance model enforced with the purpose to maintain a balance between the self-governing entities. The balance refers to internal and external democracy. Shifting the balance of the current governance model of the Constitutional Assembly, the Senate, the Rector, the Audit Commission and the Academic Arbitration Court affects democracy at large. The article aims to analyse the legal framework of university autonomy and its changes, identify shortcomings of the governance model, and propose solutions to them. Used materials include legal acts, publications and literature. Methods used in the article are descriptive, analysis, synthesis, dogmatic, induction and deduction, and legal interpretation methods as well – grammatical, systemic, historical and teleological methods. The main results relate to how changing the university governance model in Latvia impacts the university autonomy and compliance with the democratic principle in governance. Leaving the choice to establish the Constitutional Assembly to the university jeopardises the principle of participation of a university staff in the university’s activities. Furthermore, leaving the establishment of the Academic Arbitration Court to the university dismantles the democratic balance in the university governance.
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    DRONA KĀ BEZPILOTA GAISA KUĢA LIDOJUMUTIESISKĀ REGULĒJUMA ATTĪSTĪBA LATVIJĀ
    (2016-12-31) Bite, Kitija
    In this article the author examines existing and seldom researched issues regarding the legal framework for regulating unmanned aircraft flights, focussing particularly on drone flights. The purpose of the article is to analyse the existing and draft legal framework for regulating unmanned aircraft flights, identifying issues pertaining to drone flight legal regulation and recommending solutions. The author analyses the notion of unmanned aircraft flights, the existing legal framework, draft legal framework and raises concerns regarding the future of drone flights. Currently, there is no definition for unmanned aircraft and drones. The definition is included in the draft provisions; however, the author concludes that this definition can cause problems when trying to extend the rules for drones. For this reason, the author offers to clarify the definition for unmanned aircraft flights which is included in the draft framework. It is necessary to clarify the law "On Aviation" rules, including human rights as threatened interests of unmanned aircraft flights. The author proposes introducing all unmanned aircraft registration and training of unmanned aircraft before obtaining a license. The author also proposes introducing a new profession in the future – drone pilot – for which it would be mandatory to earn a drone pilot license.
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    Konstitucionālās tiesības uz streiku : ģimenes ārstu streika gadījums
    (2019) Bite, Kitija; Juridiskā fakultāte
    Starptautiskajās tiesību normās ir iekļautas cilvēka brīvības un tiesības. Tās ietver vārda brīvību, tiesības uz darbu, tiesības apvienoties un tiesības uz streiku, ja darba tiesisko attiecību laikā pusēm rodas strīdi, u. c. tiesības. Latvijas Republikas Satversmes (turpmāk – Satversme) 108. pantā paredzētas strādājošo tiesības uz streiku kā galējo līdzekli darba strīdu risināšanai. Sistēmiski šī konstitūcijas norma tiek regulēta ar Darba strīdu likumu un Streiku likumu. Varētu šķist, ka Latvijā katram strādājošajam ir nodrošinātas tiesības streikot, kā tas paredzēts Satversmē. Tomēr ģimenes ārstu streiks 2017. gadā parādīja, ka streiku īstenošanā ir problēmas. Pirmkārt, tiesības streikot pašlaik ir attiecināmas tikai uz vienu nodarbinātības veidu – darba tiesiskajām attiecībām. Taču tikai daļai ģimenes ārstu nodarbinātības attiecības balstītas uz darba līguma pamata, tādējādi piemērot valstī spēkā esošo streiku regulējumu savu kolektīvo interešu aizsardzībai var tikai daļa ģimenes ārstu. Otrkārt, Darba strīdu likums streiku kā galējo līdzekli ļauj piemērot tikai kolektīvo interešu aizsardzībai (koplīguma noslēgšanas ietvaros), bet ne publisko tiesību līguma ietvaros. Ģimenes ārstu streiks parādīja, ka Latvijā tikai daļēji izpildītas starptautiskās normas, jo tiesības streikot ir paredzētas, bet šī norma attiecināma tikai uz tām personām, kuras nodarbinātas uz darba līguma pamata un tikai koplīguma domstarpību gadījumos. Lai risinātu situāciju un turpmāk nodrošinātu katras nodarbinātās personas tiesības streikot, nepieciešams grozīt Darba strīdu likumu, paplašinot darba strīdu subjektu loku. International legal provisions provide for human rights and freedoms, and the freedom of expression and the right to work are part of these. Considering that during any employment relationship disputes can arise between the involved parties, international legal provisions for that provide strike as the final means to be utilised for the settlement of a dispute. Paragraph 108 of the Satversme (the Constitution of Latvia) provides that in Latvia, employed people have the right to strike. Systematically, the provisions of the Constitution are being regulated by the Labour Dispute Law and the Strike Law. It might seem that in Latvia, any employed person has been entitled to the right to strike as provided by the Satversme. However, the strike of general practitioners in summer 2017 highlighted a problem of executing strikes. Firstly, at the time being, the right to strike can be only associated with one form of employment, i.e., employment relationship. As only a part of general practitioners is employed on the basis of an employment agreement, the strike regulatory framework that is in force in Latvia can be used only by a part of general practitioners employed under an employment agreement in order to protect their collective interests. Secondly, the Labour Dispute Law provides for that a strike as the final means can be utilised exclusively for the protection of collective interests (within the framework of concluding a collective agreement), but not within the framework of a contract governed by the public law. The strike by general practitioners showed that Latvia has complied only partially with international legal provisions because a strike can only be utilised by people employed under employment agreements and only in disagreements regarding a collective agreement. In order to resolve this problem and so that any employed person is entitled to the right to strike in the future, it is necessary to amend the Labour Dispute Law by expanding the range of labour dispute subjects. The aim of the article is to analyse both international regulatory framework and that in Latvia for the right of employed people to strike and to recommend necessary amendments to laws to solve the detected problems. Materials used for the compilation of the article: international legal provisions and Latvian legal acts, publications and literature. Methods used in this article: descriptive, analysis, synthesis, dogmatic, induction and deduction, graphic as well as legal interpretation methods – grammatical, systemic, historical and teleological.
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    Konstitucionālās tiesības uz streiku: ģimenes ārstu streika gadījums
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte / Rīga Stradiņš University, 2019) Bite, Kitija; Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Juridiskā fakultāte, Latvija
    Starptautiskajās tiesību normās ir iekļautas cilvēka brīvības un tiesības. Tās ietver vārda brīvību, tiesības uz darbu, tiesības apvienoties un tiesības uz streiku, ja darba tiesisko attiecību laikā pusēm rodas strīdi, u. c. tiesības. Latvijas Republikas Satversmes (turpmāk – Satversme) 108. pantā paredzētas strādājošo tiesības uz streiku kā galējo līdzekli darba strīdu risināšanai. Sistēmiski šī konstitūcijas norma tiek regulēta ar Darba strīdu likumu un Streiku likumu. Varētu šķist, ka Latvijā katram strādājošajam ir nodrošinātas tiesības streikot, kā tas paredzēts Satversmē. Tomēr ģimenes ārstu streiks 2017. gadā parādīja, ka streiku īstenošanā ir problēmas. 
Pirmkārt, tiesības streikot pašlaik ir attiecināmas tikai uz vienu nodarbinātības veidu – darba tiesiskajām attiecībām. Taču tikai daļai ģimenes ārstu nodarbinātības attiecības balstītas uz darba līguma pamata, tādējādi piemērot valstī spēkā esošo streiku regulējumu savu kolektīvo interešu aizsardzībai var tikai daļa ģimenes ārstu.
Otrkārt, Darba strīdu likums streiku kā galējo līdzekli ļauj piemērot tikai kolektīvo interešu aizsardzībai (koplīguma noslēgšanas ietvaros), bet ne publisko tiesību līguma ietvaros. 
Ģimenes ārstu streiks parādīja, ka Latvijā tikai daļēji izpildītas starptautiskās normas, jo tiesības streikot ir paredzētas, bet šī norma attiecināma tikai uz tām personām, kuras nodarbinātas uz darba līguma pamata un tikai koplīguma domstarpību gadījumos. Lai risinātu situāciju un turpmāk nodrošinātu katras nodarbinātās personas tiesības streikot, nepieciešams grozīt Darba strīdu likumu, paplašinot darba strīdu subjektu loku.
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    MĀCĪBU ATVAĻINĀJUMA TIESISKĀ DABA
    (2015-06-30) Bite, Kitija
    In the article the author researches one of the legal institutes – the study leave. This edition of the labor law provides the right of the employee for study leave in two cases: another study leave and study leave for writing diploma paper. The employer is obliged to provide the study leave on a mandatory basis, only in the case of writing the diploma paper, the right to use another study leave should be included in the employment contract. In addition, in the employment contract should be included the issue of payment of the study leave. The legislator hasn’t yet set any restrictions in the order of provision of study leave (in opposition to the annual paid leave) that causes the misunderstanding in the practical use of this norm. The author suggests to make changes in the labor law and to set for the employer the duty to provide on a mandatory basis also another study leave, leaving the payment order under the supervision of both parties and solving this issue by their agreement. This would allow the employees to gain professional experience and use knowledge and experience in the further work.
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    Pašvaldības rīcības brīvība azartspēļu organizēšanas atļaujas izsniegšanā : iedzīvotāju un komersanta interešu balanss
    (2017) Bite, Kitija; Juridiskā fakultāte
    Latvijā ir attīstīts azartspēļu bizness. Minētās jomas attīstībā liela nozīme ir pašvaldībām, kuras izsniedz licences azartspēļu organizēšanai un jaunu spēļu zāļu atvēršanai. K. Bite savā rakstā analizē iedzīvotāju un komersantu interešu attiecības, to sabalansētību. In Latvia, the gambling business is well developed. In the development of this field the local governments play a significant role, they issue licences to organisation of gambling games and opening of new gambling halls. K. Bite in the article analyses the relationship between the population and businessmen interests and their balancing.
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    Pašvaldības rīcības brīvība azartspēļu organizēšanas atļaujas izsniegšanā: iedzīvotāju un komersanta interešu balanss
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2017) Bite, Kitija; Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Juridiskā fakultāte, Latvija
    Latvijā ir attīstīts azartspēļu bizness. Minētās jomas attīstībā liela nozīme ir pašvaldībām, kuras izsniedz licences azartspēļu organizēšanai un jaunu spēļu zāļu atvēršanai. K. Bite savā rakstā analizē iedzīvotāju un komersantu interešu attiecības, to sabalansētību.
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    Regulatory framework of strike and its problem in Latvia
    (2019) Bite, Kitija; Berkis, U.; Vilka, L.; Juridiskā fakultāte
    International legal provisions provide for human rights and freedoms, and the freedom of expression and the right to work belong to these. Considering that during any employment relationship disputes can arise between the involved parties, international legal provisions state that a strike as the final means for the settlement of a dispute can be used. Paragraph 108 of the Satversme (the Constitution of Latvia) provides that in Latvia, employed people have the right to strike. Systematically, the provisions of the Constitution are being regulated by the Labour Dispute Law and the Strike Law. It might seem that in Latvia, any employed person has been entitled to the right to strike as provided by the Satversme. However, the strike of general practitioners in summer 2017 highlighted the problem of executing strikes. Firstly, at the time being, the right to strike can only be associated with one form of employment, i.e., employment relationship. As only a part of general practitioners is employed on the basis of an employment agreement, the strike regulatory framework that is in force in Latvia can be used only by a part of general practitioners employed under an employment agreement in order to protect their collective interests. Secondly, the Labour Dispute Law provides for that a strike as the final means can be used exclusively for the protection of collective interests (within the framework of concluding a collective agreement), but not within the framework of a contract governed by public law. The strike by general practitioners showed that Latvia has complied only partially with international legal provisions because a strike can only be used by people employed under employment agreements and only in disagreements regarding a Collective agreement. In order to resolve this problem so that any employed person is entitled to the right to strike in the future, it is necessary to amend the Labour Dispute Law by expanding the range of labour dispute subjects. The aim: to analyse international and Latvia's regulatory framework for the right of employed people to strike and recommend necessary amendments to laws to solve detected problems. Materials used: international legal provisions and Latvian legal acts, publications and literature. Methods used in this article: descriptive, analysis, synthesis, dogmatic, induction and deduction as well as legal interpretation methods – grammatical, systemic, historical and teleological.
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    Šaujamieroču pielietošanas tiesības un amatpersonu profesionālā izglītība
    (Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2015) Bite, Kitija; Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Juridiskā fakultāte, Latvija
    Šajā darbā pētītas trīs iestādes, kuru amatpersonām ir tiesības pielietot šaujamieroci, – Valsts policija, Valsts robežsardze un Ieslodzījuma vietu pārvalde. Tajā dots ieskats šaujamieroču pielietošanas tiesiskajā regulējumā un analizēti tie normatīvie akti, kuri nosaka profesionālo kompetenču veidošanu ar formālo izglītību. Raksta sagatavošanas laikā nebija stājušies spēkā Valsts policijas jaunākā un vecākā virsnieka standarti, rakstā analizēta informācija līdz 2015. gada 1. decembrim.
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    Šaujamieroču pielietošanas tiesības un amatpersonu profesionālā izglītība
    (2015) Bite, Kitija; Juridiskā fakultāte
    Šajā darbā pētītas trīs iestādes, kuru amatpersonām ir tiesības pielietot šaujamieroci, – Valsts policija, Valsts robežsardze un Ieslodzījuma vietu pārvalde. Tajā dots ieskats šaujamieroču pielietošanas tiesiskajā regulējumā un analizēti tie normatīvie akti, kuri nosaka profesionālo kompetenču veidošanu ar formālo izglītību. Raksta sagatavošanas laikā nebija stājušies spēkā Valsts policijas jaunākā un vecākā virsnieka standarti, rakstā analizēta informācija līdz 2015. gada 1. decembrim. The Author reviews three institutions of which the employees have the right to use a firearm – The State Police, The State Border Guard and The Prison Administration. The article gives an insight into the law of firearm utilization and an analysis of such legal regulations that regard the development of professional competencies in the framework of formal education.

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