Browsing by Author "Abuseridze, Giga"
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Item Building resilience of Ukrainian universities in the face of military intervention : exploring forms and implication(Rezekne Higher Education Institution, 2024) Agapova, Olena; Abuseridze, Giga; Andrii, Svintsytskyi; Grasis, Janis; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityThis article explores the concept of organizational resilience in higher education institutions, which can enable them to deal with unexpected events, recover from crises, and contribute to future success. Despite the growing academic interest in resilience, there is a lack of consensus on its definition and how it works, highlighting the need for additional knowledge on the capabilities and conditions that make up sustainability. The authors contribute to this field by conceptualizing resilience as a meta capacity and breaking it down into three stages: adaptation, transformation, and anticipation. They also identify core capabilities, including strategic vision, operational flexibility, and a supportive culture, that form organizational resilience. Drawing on process research, the authors provide an overview of the relationship and interaction between the different stages of resilience, as well as the main prerequisites and driving forces. They also propose four tools based on an analysis of European normative-legal acts that can restore stability in crisis situations. This study advances understanding of the complex and built-in construct of organizational resilience and offers insights that can inform future empirical work in this area. The article underscores the significance of cultivating resilience capabilities in higher education institutions, particularly during times of turbulence and ambiguity, to guarantee their enduring.Item Challenges and economic adjustment policies in the EU(2022-04-17) Abuseridze, Giga; Paliani-Dittrich, Inga; Shalikashvili, Moris; Zahars, Vitolds; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityThe following article focuses on the uncertainties and economic adjustment policies in the EU. The author explores the balance between uncertainty and speed of economic adjustment policies as well as practical factors that influence political stability in the EL'. certain factors, such as unemployment, the level of tax, growth in incomes and inflation are examined as being essential for the provision of economic stability within the EU. Special attention is paid to the ongoing sanctions introduced against Russia due to its aggression in Ukraine, which can be labelled as "economic war". It is argued that the ensued refugee crisis may also largely affect economic stability of the EU countries as well as the whole architecture of European security. Moreover, Russia's behavior in the EU neighborhood has manifested that political stability is of crucial importance for the economy of the EU members since instability in a neighboring country, for example in Ukraine is apt to provoke repercussions for the EU as a whole. It is stated that the effective economic development and political stability, being the main objectives of the European Union, can be achieved only if the EU politicians thoroughly consider the factors hindering the development of EU member states in terms of legislation, security policy, welfare and economic determinants.Item COVID-19 AND RELATED GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS’ IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT IN GEORGIA(2023) Abuseridze, Giga; Paresashvili, Nino; Maisuradze, Teona; Gechbaia, Badri; Gvarishvili, Levan; Grasis, Janis; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityDue to the pandemic, 2020 became one of the most memorable years in the world history. It affected employment as well. Georgia was one of the countries which experienced the pandemic impacts on its citizens. The unemployment rate in-creased by 2,1% within a year and reached 20,6% in 2021. Despite state regulations and restrictions, Georgia was among the most vulnerable countries to COVID-19 spreading. It caused severe results on employment and the whole economy. The paper aims to define and analyze the impact of COVID-19 and related state regulations’ impact on employment in Georgia as well as to identify the tendencies based on the qualitative analysis of the surveys conducted in Georgia. The existing literature and available information on the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and employment is reviewed. Comparative analysis of the EU and Georgian state regulations related to COVID-19 is provided. Data used in the paper is of secondary type. Graphs are used to visualize data, and analysis of statistical observation is applied. Georgian researcher’s findings are also used. Signif-icant evaluations and analyses are drawn depending on the collected data relating to COVID-19 impact on the economy, employment and people's perception. Some authors’ predictions are presented as well.Item Human Rights and Labour Standards from the Public Health Perspective in the World Trade Organization : Challenges and Possible Solutions(2020-07-24) Palkova, Karina; Abuseridze, Giga; Juridiskā fakultāteThis study investigates the effects of the interaction between labor standards and human rights that has become a key issue in the World Trade organization. Policy makers gradually developed new rules to achieve both trade and human rights objectives. England signed treaties with the U.S., Portugal, Denmark and Sweden to ban trade in slaves ect. The trade labour linkage has a long history. It has become one of the most contentious contemporary issues in trade and labour policy circles and debates.Item Legal Status and Overview of World Trade Organization Disputes Involving Subsidies in the Renewable Energy Sector(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2017) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš University, Doctoral Study Programme “Legal Science”, GeorgiaThe young law scientist from Georgia Giga Abuseridze has collected the information about subsidies in the renewable energy sector, their legal status and disagreements on the matter with the World Trade Organisation. As known, Latvia also does not possess unanimous opinion about the renewable energy resources.Item Legal Status and Overview of World Trade Organization Disputes Involving Subsidies in the Renewable Energy Sector(2017) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityThe young law scientist from Georgia Giga Abuseridze has collected the information about subsidies in the renewable energy sector, their legal status and disagreements on the matter with the World Trade Organisation. As known, Latvia also does not possess unanimous opinion about the renewable energy resources. Jaunais tiesību zinātnieks no Gruzijas Giga Abuseridze ir apkopojis informāciju par subsīdijām atjaunojamās enerģijas nozarē, to juridisko statusu un domstarpībām šajā jautājumā ar Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizāciju. Kā zināms, arī Latvijā nav vienota viedokļa par atjaunojamiem energoresursiem.Item Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas (PTO) loma starptautiskās tirdzniecības attīstībā: starptautiskās tirdzniecības tiesību vēsture, problēmas un perspektīvas. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2021) Abuseridze, Giga; Grasis, JānisŠī promocijas darba tēma ir Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas (PTO) loma starptautiskās tirdzniecības attīstībā: starptautiskās tirdzniecības tiesību vēsture, problēmas un perspektīvas. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt PTO lomu starptautiskās tirdzniecības attīstībā, apskatīt tirdzniecības strīdu risināšanas iespējas PTO likumu ietvaros, identificēt strīdu izskatīšanas izpratnes (DSU) stiprās un vājās puses, noteikt jaunattīstības valstu statusu, kā arī izstrādāt rekomendācijas PTO likumdošanas uzlabošanai, ievērojot godīgas tirdzniecības principus. Promocijas darbs sastāv no četrām nodaļām: Pirmajā nodaļā aplūkota starptautiskā tirdzniecība un PTO likumdošanas galvenie aspekti, analizēti starptautiskās tirdzniecības noteikumi, definēta PTO tirdzniecības politikas stratēģija un tiesiskā plurālisma un savstarpējās likumības principi, izveidota starptautisko tiesību normu korelācija PTO likumdošanas ietvaros. Šajā nodaļā arī apskatīti tirdzniecības spriedzes piemēri, identificētas problēmas un izaicinājumi un izstrādāti priekšlikumi to risināšanai. Otrajā nodaļā, mēģinot noteikt jaunattīstības valstu statusu PTO, tiek pētīta “jaunattīstības valstu” kategorija Pasaules Bankas, Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas un Starptautiskā Valūtas fonda (SVF) ietvaros. Tajā arī analizēta jaunattīstības valstu pieredze saistībā ar Vienošanās par strīdu noregulēšanu (DSU) lēmumu izpildi un ieteikts vairāk konsultēties un izmantot DSU mediāciju, lai piešķirtu Strīdu izšķiršanas struktūrai (DSB) praktiskāku nozīmi. Trešajā nodaļā aplūkotas juridiskā statusa īpatnības un apskatīti PTO strīdi par subsīdijām atjaunojamās enerģijas nozarē, kas atbilst PTO darba kārtībai. Ceturtajā nodaļā ir apskatīta Gruzijas tirdzniecības politika un prakse, kā arī Gruzijas un PTO attiecības, tostarp vēsturiskais konteksts, pamatojoties uz PTO sekretariāta ziņojumu un Gruzijas valdības ziņojumu. Autors koncentrējas uz Gruzijas un Krievijas tirdzniecības attiecību vēsturi, kas, pēc autora domām, laika gaitā pārtapa par “tirdzniecības karu” ar ļoti skaidru politisko pieskaņu un precedenciālu raksturu. Šis gadījums nekad nav plaši analizēts zinātniskās aprindās un ir pirmais mēģinājums. Promocijas darbs sastāv no 196 lappusēm. Tajā ir ievads, četras nodaļas, secinājumi, ieteikumi, kā arī intervijas.Item Political Stability as a Main Factor for Simplicity, Neutrality and Stability of Trade(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2017) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš University, Doctoral Study Programme Legal Science, GeorgiaUnder present conditions, the commercial networks are expanding, not only by the increase of turnover, but also by the increase of the circle of business entities, organisations and enterprises. No doubt, the economic processes should be stable, simple and neutral. The article by G. Abuseridze, the young Georgian scientist of law, deals with the mentioned problem areas.Item Political Stability as a Main Factor for Simplicity, Neutrality and Stability of Trade(2017) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityUnder present conditions, the commercial networks are expanding, not only by the increase of turnover, but also by the increase of the circle of business entities, organisations and enterprises. No doubt, the economic processes should be stable, simple and neutral. The article by G. Abuseridze, the young Georgian scientist of law, deals with the mentioned problem areas. Pašreizējos apstākļos paplašinās tirdzniecības tīkli, ne tik daudz pieaugot apgrozījumam, cik paplašinoties darījumu subjektu lokam, tajos iesaistītajām organizācijām un uzņēmumiem. Nenoliedzami, ekonomiskajiem procesiem būtu jābūt stabiliem, vienkāršiem un neitrāliem. Minētajam problēmu lokam savu rakstu ir veltījis Gruzijas jaunais tiesību zinātnieks G. Abuseridze.Item Role of the WTO in the Development of International Trade and Economic Sustainability(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2021) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš University, Faculty of Law, LatviaIn the article, the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the development of international trade and economic sustainability has been analysed. The author explores specific challenges / factors that affect economic sustainability and fair trade as well as political economy of trade and negotiations as the tools of the WTO. It is argued that economic stability and the process of democratisation are essential to ensure international and fair trade. Under democracies those countries are implied where the rate of economic stability is high according to the principles established by international norms, i.e. where market economy, internal democracy, transparent trade system, human rights, trade neutrality, etc. are observed. Almost every country where these democratic norms are applied has trade partnerships with the others rather than conflicts. For international trade to occur it is essential to have a competitive market system in a country since competition is a characteristic feature of international trade that can be safeguarded through observation of democratic principles and political stability. Development of free trade by the WTO depends precisely on implementation of these fundamental principles. In view of the abovementioned factors, the article quite legitimately studies interconnection between the WTO and economic sustainability.Item The Role of the WTO in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade Law. Doctoral Thesis(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2021) Abuseridze, Giga; Grasis, JānisThe subject of this doctoral thesis is the Role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade law. The purpose of the present thesis is to explore the role of the WTO in the development of international trade, to research the possibilities of resolving trade disputes within the framework of the WTO law, to identify strengths and weaknesses of Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), to determine the status of a developing country and elaborate recommendations for the improvement of WTO legislation in compliance with fair trade. The present doctoral thesis consists of four chapters: The first chapter reviews international trade and main aspects of WTO legislation, analyses rules for international trade, defines strategy for WTO trade policy and the principles of legal pluralism and inter-legality, establishes correlation of norms of international law examines trade tensions and elaborates proposals for their solution. The second chapter, attempting to determine developing country status in the WTO, explores the categorization of a developing country by the World Bank, United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Experience of developing countries with enforcement of DSU rulings is analysed. Furthermore, application of more consultations and mediation at DSU is suggested as it would turn Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) into a more practical tool. This chapter also focuses on political stability and trade agreements as well as national security and cybersecurity which ensure the simplicity, stability and neutrality of trade agreements. The third chapter examines the peculiarities of legal status and overviews WTO disputes involving subsidies in the renewable energy sector that follows the WTO agenda. The fourth chapter reviews the trade policies and practices of Georgia as well as Georgia-WTO relationship in the historical context. The author retrospects trade relations between Georgia and Russia which, as the author qualifies, eventually developed into the “trade war” with a very clear political connotation and precedential character. This is the only and first attempt ever to analyse this case and to give it the qualification of “the trade war”. The present thesis consists of 196 pages and includes introduction, four chapters, conclusions, suggestions and interviews.Item The Role of the WTO in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade Law. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2021) Abuseridze, Giga; Grasis, JānisThe subject of this doctoral thesis is the Role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the Development of International Trade: History, Problems and Perspectives of International Trade law. The purpose of the present thesis is to explore the role of the WTO in the development of international trade, to research the possibilities of resolving trade disputes within the framework of the WTO law, to identify strengths and weaknesses of Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), to determine the status of a developing country and elaborate recommendations for the improvement of WTO legislation in compliance with fair trade. The present doctoral thesis consists of four chapters: The first chapter reviews international trade and main aspects of WTO legislation, analyses rules for international trade, defines strategy for WTO trade policy and the principles of legal pluralism and inter-legality, establishes correlation of norms of international law examines trade tensions and elaborates proposals for their solution. The second chapter, attempting to determine developing country status in the WTO, explores the categorization of a developing country by the World Bank, United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Experience of developing countries with enforcement of DSU rulings is analysed. Furthermore, application of more consultations and mediation at DSU is suggested as it would turn Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) into a more practical tool. This chapter also focuses on political stability and trade agreements as well as national security and cybersecurity which ensure the simplicity, stability and neutrality of trade agreements. The third chapter examines the peculiarities of legal status and overviews WTO disputes involving subsidies in the renewable energy sector that follows the WTO agenda. The fourth chapter reviews the trade policies and practices of Georgia as well as Georgia-WTO relationship in the historical context. The author retrospects trade relations between Georgia and Russia which, as the author qualifies, eventually developed into the “trade war” with a very clear political connotation and precedential character. This is the only and first attempt ever to analyse this case and to give it the qualification of “the trade war”. The present thesis consists of 196 pages and includes introduction, four chapters, conclusions, suggestions and interviews.Item Sources of Law in the World Trade Organisation(2015) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) law is, by international law standards, a wide-ranging and complex body of law. This Paper deals with the issue of sources of law in the WTO. The principal source of WTO law is the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO, concluded on April 15, 1995 and in force since January 1, 1995. The author presents various sources of WTO law, such as: 1. The Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation; 2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; 3. General Agreement on Trade in Services; 4. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right; 5. Other Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods. Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas (PTO) tiesību akti atbilst starptautisko tiesību standartiem; tie ir plašs un sarežģīts tiesību aktu kopums. Rakstā apskatīti PTO tiesību avoti. Galvenais PTO tiesību avots ir Marakešas līgums par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu. Tas noslēgts 1995. gada 15. aprīlī. Publikācijas autors iepazīstina ar vairākiem PTO tiesību avotiem, piemēram, – Marakešas līgumu par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu; ar Vispārējo vienošanos par tarifiem un tirdzniecību; Vispārējo vienošanos par pakalpojumu tirdzniecību; Līgumu par ar tirdzniecību saistītām intelektuālā īpašuma tiesībām un citiem daudzpusējiem nolīgumiem par preču tirdzniecību.Item Sources of Law in the World Trade Organisation(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte / Rīga Stradiņš University, 2015) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš University, Doctoral Study Programme Legal Science, GeorgiaWorld Trade Organisation (WTO) law is, by international law standards, a wide-ranging and complex body of law. This Paper deals with the issue of sources of law in the WTO. The principal source of WTO law is the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO, concluded on April 15, 1995 and in force since January 1, 1995. The author presents various sources of WTO law, such as: 1. The Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation; 2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; 3. General Agreement on Trade in Services; 4. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right; 5. Other Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods.Item Strategy for Achieving Trade Balance(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte / Rīga Stradiņš University, 2019) Abuseridze, Giga; GeorgiaThis Paper deals with the issue of international trade strategy in achieving trade balance. The author claims that the efforts of policymakers and business leaders to find ways to achieve trade balance should imply greater coherency between trade and human rights objectives.Item Strategy for Achieving Trade Balance(2019) Abuseridze, GigaThis Paper deals with the issue of international trade strategy in achieving trade balance. The author claims that the efforts of policymakers and business leaders to find ways to achieve trade balance should imply greater coherency between trade and human rights objectives. Šajā rakstā aplūkots jautājums par starptautiskās tirdzniecības stratēģiju tirdzniecības bilances sasniegšanai. Autors apgalvo, ka politikas veidotāju un uzņēmumu vadītāju centieniem atrast veidus, kā panākt tirdzniecības līdzsvaru, vajadzētu nozīmēt lielāku saskaņotību starp tirdzniecības un cilvēktiesību mērķiem.Item Trade War : Georgia vs. Russia(2020) Abuseridze, Giga; Juridiskā fakultāteThe following article focuses on the history of trade relations between Georgia and Russia that in the Author’s view eventually developed into the “trade war”. Enrolment of Russia into the WTO enabled subjection of Russia to the WTO regulations. Georgia, as a full member of the WTO, rather legitimately refused to allow Russia to join the organisation until Moscow would fulfil Tbilisi’s claims. One of the demands of the Georgian side was directly related to the separatist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which further complicated the negotiations due to the destructive actions of Russia. There are difficult issues connected to the Georgian position from the global trade perspective. The position deals with the legally political difficulties. The article provides insight into the problem regarding the Trade War from the Georgia perspective.Item Trade War: Georgia vs. Russia(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte / Rīga Stradiņš University, 2020) Abuseridze, Giga; Rīga Stradiņš University, Faculty of LawThe following article focuses on the history of trade relations between Georgia and Russia that in the Author’s view eventually developed into the “trade war”. Enrolment of Russia into the WTO enabled subjection of Russia to the WTO regulations. Georgia, as a full member of the WTO, rather legitimately refused to allow Russia to join the organisation until Moscow would fulfil Tbilisi’s claims. One of the demands of the Georgian side was directly related to the separatist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which further complicated the negotiations due to the destructive actions of Russia. There are difficult issues connected to the Georgian position from the global trade perspective. The position deals with the legally political difficulties. The article provides insight into the problem regarding the Trade War from the Georgia perspective.Item Transformation of Georgia's Trade Policy Strategy : From Frailty to Sustainability(2022-01) Abuseridze, Giga; Petrova, Mariana; Zahars, Vitolds; Tumalavičius, Vladas; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityThe following article reviews the trade policies and practices of Georgia as well as Georgia-WTO relationship. The authors focus on Georgia’s recent economic performance, including Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union that contributed powerfully to stabilising Georgia's trade legislation and reinforcing domestic economic reform. The Association Agreement between Georgia and the European Union and its member States aims at Georgia's gradual economic integration into the EU Internal Market, through the establishment of the DCFTA, which should provide for far-reaching market access based on sustained and regulatory approximation. The study reveals the importance of the World Trade Organization, main trade agreements and arrangements with Georgia as a developing country. It demonstrates that effective trade stabilization in the WTO can be achieved by the implementation of specific WTO’s regulations on trade, economic and legal spheres. One of the reasons for the special success of the WTO is systemic exceptions for developed countries and states with special needs (country like Georgia) that contributes to the development of international trade through progressive liberalization and the comparative advantage of the states when carrying out trade. The example of Georgia shows very well that so far the country has not been able to actively apply all the advantages that can be used within the framework of international or regional organizations, at least for the simple reason that the country does not possess the appropriate infrastructure for bringing innovative products to foreign markets, and thus accumulate more economic wealth. This case study evidences and confirms that while the accession process to the WTO is challenging per se, it is part of a process of domestic reforms that triggers growth and economic benefits.