Browsing by Author "Šalms, Ģirts"
Now showing 1 - 11 of 11
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Can Our Blood Help Ensure Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?(2023-01) Mičko, Lana; Šalma, Ilze; Skadiņš, Ingus; Egle, Karina; Šalms, Ģirts; Dubnika, Arita; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine; Department of Biology and MicrobiologyIn recent decades, the potential of PRF has been extensively studied. The number of studies about PRF has increased three times since the year 2012, but the full spectrum of its fundamental properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is not clearly described. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, PRF is described in alveolar ridge preservation, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, maxillary sinus augmentation, and dental implant placement as demonstrating favorable results and its clinical advantages. The structural complexity, inhomogeneous nature, and clotting ability of PRF make its antimicrobial effect evaluation complicated. Nevertheless, most of the used antimicrobial testing methods are based on antibacterial agent diffusion ability in culture media. Because the oral and maxillofacial region is the most frequent area of PRF application, its antimicrobial activity evaluation also prevails in the oral microbiome. PRF’s biological potential is highly dependent on the specific preparation protocol and methodology used; it should be carefully prepared and kept under proper conditions to keep cellular content alive. PRF’s influence on living cells demonstrates a stimulating effect on bone regeneration, and an angiogenetic effect, and it provides anti-inflammatory activity. According to analyzed studies, PRF demonstrated success in oral and maxillofacial surgery in various methods of application. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were proven by antibacterial activity against different bacterial species, sustained growth factor, sustained release, and cell activity on the material application. Accurately and correctly prepared PRF can ensure antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it can be a beneficial clinical tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Item Evaluation of condylar positional, structural, and volumetric status in class III orthognathic surgery patients(2020-12-06) Podčernina, Jevgenija; Urtāne, Ilga; Pirttiniemi, Pertti; Šalms, Ģirts; Radziņš, Oskars; Aleksejūnienė, Jolanta; Rīga Stradiņš University; Department of Orthodontics; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral MedicineBackground and objectives: The need to evaluate the condylar remodeling after orthognathic surgery, using three-dimensional (3D) images and volume rendering techniques in skeletal Class III patients has been emphasized. The study examined condylar positional, structural, and volumetric changes after bimaxillary or single-jaw maxillary orthognathic surgeries in skeletal Class III patients using the cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Presurgical, postsurgical, and one-year post-surgical full field of view (FOV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 44 patients with skeletal Class III deformities were obtained. Group 1 underwent a bimaxillary surgery (28 patients: 24 females and 4 males), with mean age at the time of surgery being 23.8 ± 6.0 years, and Group 2 underwent maxillary single-jaw surgery (16 patients: 8 females and 8 males), with mean age at the time of surgery being 23.7 ± 5.1 years. After the orthognathic surgery, the CBCT images of 88 condyles were evaluated to assess their displacement and radiological signs of bone degeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) condylar models were constructed and superimposed pre-and postoperatively to compare changes in condylar volume. Results: Condylar position was found to be immediately altered after surgery in the maxillary single-jaw surgery group, but at the one-year follow-up, the condyles returned to their pre-surgical position. There was no significant difference in condylar position when comparing between pre-surgery and one-year follow-up in any of the study groups. Condylar rotations in the axial and coronal planes were significant in the bimaxillary surgery group. No radiological signs of condylar bone degeneration were detected one year after the surgery. Changes in condylar volume after surgery were found to be insignificant in both study groups. Conclusions: At one year after orthognathic surgery, there were no significant changes in positional, structural, or volumetric statuses of condyles.Item The Facial Characteristics of Individuals with Posterior Crossbite : A Cross-Sectional Study(2023-07) Kienkas, Karlīna; Jākobsone, Gundega; Šalms, Ģirts; Department of Orthodontics; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral MedicineFacial morphology is known to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Scientific evidence regarding facial parameters in patients with posterior crossbite is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between posterior crossbite and facial parameters. This cross-sectional study included 34 adolescents with and 34 adolescents without posterior crossbite in the age range from 13 to 15 years. Facial surface scans were acquired with a 3dMD imaging system, and landmark-based analysis was performed. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s correlations. Individuals in the control group had lower face heights (females: p = 0.003, r = 0.45; males: p = 0.005, r = 0.57). The control group females presented with smaller intercanthal width (p = 0.04; r = 0.31) and anatomical nose width (p = 0.004; r = 0.43) compared with the crossbite group females. The males in the control group had wider nostrils. In the control group, significant correlations among different facial parameters were more common, including the correlations between eye width and other transversal face measurements. On the contrary, the facial width was correlated with nasal protrusion (r = 0.657; p < 0.01) and the morphological width of the nose (r = 0.505; p < 0.05) in the crossbite group alone. In both groups, the philtrum width was linked with the anatomical and morphological widths of the nose. Conclusions: Patients with posterior crossbites have increased face height and different patterns of facial proportions compared with individuals without crossbites.Item Hydroxyapatite ceramics for restoration of alveolar bone(2008) Šalms, Ģirts; Šalma, Ilze; Skagers, Andrejs; Žīgurs, Guntis; Pilmane, Māra; Vētra, Jānis; Groma, Valērija; Berzina-Cimdina, L.; Rīga Stradiņš University; Institute of Anatomy and AnthropologyItem An in vitro and in vivo study on the intensity of adhesion and colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on originally synthesized biomaterials with different chemical composition and modified surfaces and their effect on expression of TNF-α, β-defensin 2 and IL-10 in tissues(2011) Reinis, Aigars; Pilmane, Mara; Stunda, Agnese; Vetra, Janis; Kroiča, Juta; Rostoka, Dagnija; Šalms, Ģirts; Vostroilovs, Antons; Dons, Aleksejs; Berziņa-Cimdiņa, Liga; Department of Biology and Microbiology; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityThe aim of this study was to determine adhesion and colonization of bacteria on the surface of originally synthesized glass-ceramic biomaterials and their effect on inflammation reactions in tissues surrounding the implant. Materials and Methods: Biomaterial discs were contaminated with bacterial suspensions of 10, 102, and 103 colony forming units (CFU)/mL (P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228), and after 2 hours of cultivation, the intensity of bacterial adhesion was determined. For in vivo tests, the samples were contaminated with 102, and 103 CFU/mL cultivated at 37°C for 2 h to ensure bacterial adhesion. Contaminated biomaterial samples were implanted in the interscapular area of chinchilla rabbits for 2 and 4 weeks. The biomaterials were removed, and using plate count and sonification methods, bacterial colonization on the surface of biomaterials was determined. Moreover, the expression of TNF-α, β-defensin 2, and IL-10 in the surrounding tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry methods. Results: P. aeruginosa more intensively colonized biomaterials in the in vivo study as compared with S. epidermidis. Il-10 is a regulatory cytokine, which reduces the intensity of inflammatory cell activity, thus reducing nonspecific resistance of the organism. Conclusions: The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 was not affected by short (2 and 4 weeks) biomaterial implantation. Pronounced cytokine expression in tissues around implanted biomaterials contaminated with P. aeruginosa was observed.Item Influence of Mucosal Tissue Thickness on Peri-Implant Bone Stability : Retrospective Radiological Study(2023-12) Apse, Ingus Arnolds; Lācis, Rihards; Gončarova, Alīna; Šalms, Ģirts; Akota, Ilze; Neimane, Laura; Faculty of DentistryGradual bone loss around the implants is an ongoing concern. Mucosal tissue thickness is considered as a contributing factor that influences bone remodelling after implantation. It has been suggested that tissue thickness thinner than 2.5 mm may contribute to more peri-implant bone loss, eventually affecting implant bone stability. Measuring mucosal thickness prior to surgery may be a predictor of the bone changes and could modify the surgical methods. In this study mucosal tissue thickness was measured retrospectively on radiographs before implant insertion, one year and at least three years after implantation. Within the limits of this study, no influence of initial mucosal tissue thickness on long term peri-implant bone stability was found.Item Integration of Bone Substituting Biomaterials in Atrophic Posterior Maxilla. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2013) Šalms, Ģirts; Pilmane, Māra; Skaģers, AndrejsIn order to assess the integration of porous bioceramic bone substitutes into the posterior edentulous atrophic maxilla after maxillary sinus floor augmentation surgical procedures, a dental cone beam computed tomographic scanning of implantation area was performed, before and after integration of the biomaterial, in order to determine the radiodensity; as well as a morphological and immunohistochemical examination of residual alveolar ridge and bone/biomaterial hybrid. A database of patient examinations, treatments and post-operative observations was developed for registration purposes and for computerized analysis of the patients’ survey. The questionnaire study included 148 sinus lift patients with 294 dental implants. CB computed scans of 24 patients were analyzed before the implantation of the bone substitute biomaterials and 6-8 months after the surgeries. A histological and immunohistochemical examination of bone trepan biopsy was performed on 17 patients before biomaterial grafting and on 14 patients after sinus lift surgical procedure. When analysing the questionnaire results of 148 patients, an insigni-ficant number of post-operative complications (1%) was observed, as well as the loss of dental implants (4%). Cone beam radiographic densitometry of grafting site showed radiodensitometrically denser sinus lift site when compared to residual alveolar bone area, where radiodensitometric density has increased during this period, however this increase was not statistically significant. Biomaterial/tissue hybrid grafts in majority of cases six to eight months after grafts show biomaterial osseointegration without inflammation and connective tissue proliferation. The amount of bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor beta, bone extracellular matrix proteins osteopontin and osteocalcin, degrading enzyme metalloproteinase 9, heat shock protein 70, antimicrobial protein defensin containing structures in trepan-biopsy samples before grafting and after sinus lift show no statistically significant differences. The amount of osteoprotegerin-containing structures in grafts after biomaterial placement was statistically significantly higher than in atrophic alveolar ridge before the surgical procedure. The relative frequency of apoptotic cells in grafts shows large individual variations without any statistical significance before and after grafting.Item Kaulaudus aizvietojošo biomateriālu integrācija atrofiska augšžokļa mugurējā daļā. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2013) Šalms, Ģirts; Pilmane, Māra; Skaģers, AndrejsLai novērtētu kaulaudus aizvietojošu porainu biokeramisko materiālu integrāciju atrofiska augšžokļa mugurējā bezzobu daļā pēc augšžokļa dobuma pamatnes paaugstināšanas operācijām, pirms un pēc biomateriāla integrācijas, veikta implantācijas zonas koniskā stara datortomogrāfijas izmeklēšana, nosakot radiodensitāti, reziduālā alveolāra izauguma un kaula/biomateriāla hibrīda morfoloģiska un imūnhistoķīmiska izmeklēšana, izveidota datu bāze pacientu izmeklēšanas, ārstēšanas, pēcoperācijas novērošanas un pacientu anketēšanas datu reģistrācijai un datorizētai analīzei. Anketēšanas pētījumā izvērtēti 148 sinus lift pacienti, kuriem ievietoti 294 zobu implantāti. Analizētas 24 pacientu koniska stara datortomogrammas pirms kaulaudus aizvietojošu biomateriālu implantācijas un 6-8 mēnešus pēc veiktās operācijas. Kaulaudu trepānbiopsiju histoloģiska un imūnhistoķīmiska izmeklēšana pirms biomateriālu implantācijas veikta 17, bet pēc sinus lift operācijas 14 pacientiem. Analizējot 148 pacientu aptaujas anketu datus, novērots neliels pēcoperācijas komplikāciju (1%) un zaudēto zobu implantātu (4%) skaits. Koniska stara radiodensitometrisks implantācijas zonas izmeklējums uzrāda radiodensitometriski blīvāku sinus lift zonu salīdzinājumā ar reziduālā alveolārā kaula zonu, kuras radiodensitometriskais blīvums šajā laika periodā palielinās, bet ne statistiski ticami. Biomateriāla/audu hibrīda bioptātos 6-8 mēnešus pēc implantācijas lielā pārsvarā gadījumu ir biomateriālu osteointegrācija bez iekaisuma un saistaudu proliferācijas. Kaula morfoģenētiskā proteīna, transformējošā augšanas faktora beta, kaula ekstracelulārās matricas proteīnu osteopontīna un osteokalcīna, degradējošā enzīma metaloproteināzes 9, šūnas šoka proteīna 70, antimikrobā proteīna defensīna saturošu struktūru daudzums trepānbioptātos pirms implantācijas un pēc sinus lift nav statistiski ticami atšķirīgs. Osteoprotegerīna saturošu struktūru daudzums bioptātos pēc biomateriāla implantācijas ir statistiski ticami augstāks kā atrofiskajā alveolārā izaugumā pirms operācijas. Apoptotisko šūnu relatīvais biežums bioptātos ir ar lielām individuālajām svārstībām, bez statistiskas ticamības pirms un pēc implantācijas.Item Kaulaudus aizvietojošo biomateriālu integrācija atrofiska augšžokļa mugurējā daļā. Promocijas darbs(Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2013) Šalms, Ģirts; Pilmane, Māra; Skaģers, AndrejsLai novērtētu kaulaudus aizvietojošu porainu biokeramisko materiālu integrāciju atrofiska augšžokļa mugurējā bezzobu daļā pēc augšžokļa dobuma pamatnes paaugstināšanas operācijām, pirms un pēc biomateriāla integrācijas, veikta implantācijas zonas koniskā stara datortomogrāfijas izmeklēšana, nosakot radiodensitāti, reziduālā alveolāra izauguma un kaula/biomateriāla hibrīda morfoloģiska un imūnhistoķīmiska izmeklēšana, izveidota datu bāze pacientu izmeklēšanas, ārstēšanas, pēcoperācijas novērošanas un pacientu anketēšanas datu reģistrācijai un datorizētai analīzei. Anketēšanas pētījumā izvērtēti 148 sinus lift pacienti, kuriem ievietoti 294 zobu implantāti. Analizētas 24 pacientu koniskā stara datortomogrammas pirms kaulaudus aizvietojošu biomateriālu implantācijas un 6-8 mēnešus pēc veiktās operācijas. Kaulaudu trepānbiopsiju histoloģiska un imūnhistoķīmiska izmeklēšana pirms biomateriālu implantācijas veikta 17, bet pēc sinus lift operācijas 14 pacientiem. Analizējot 148 pacientu aptaujas anketu datus, novērots neliels pēcoperācijas komplikāciju (1%) un zaudēto zobu implantātu (4%) skaits. Koniska stara radiodensitometrisks implantācijas zonas izmeklējums uzrāda radiodensitometriski blīvāku sinus lift zonu salīdzinājumā ar reziduālā alveolārā kaula zonu, kuras radiodensitometriskais blīvums šajā laika periodā palielinās, bet ne statistiski ticami. Biomateriāla/audu hibrīda bioptātos 6-8 mēnešus pēc implantācijas lielā pārsvarā gadījumu ir biomateriālu osteointegrācija bez iekaisuma un saistaudu proliferācijas. Kaula morfoģenētiskā proteīna, transformējošā augšanas faktora beta, kaula ekstracelulārās matricas proteīnu osteopontīna un osteokalcīna, degradējošā enzīma metaloproteināzes 9, šūnas šoka proteīna 70, antimikrobā proteīna defensīna saturošu struktūru daudzums trepānbioptātos pirms implantācijas un pēc sinus lift nav statistiski ticami atšķirīgs. Osteoprotegerīna saturošu struktūru daudzums bioptātos pēc biomateriāla implantācijas ir statistiski ticami augstāks kā atrofiskajā alveolārā izaugumā pirms operācijas. Apoptotisko šūnu relatīvais biežums bioptātos ir ar lielām individuālajām svārstībām, bez statistiskas ticamības pirms un pēc implantācijas. Promocijas darbs satur 169 lappuses, izmantotās literatūras sarakstā iekļautas 294 publikācijas. Ir pieci pielikumi.Item Long-Term Volumetric Stability of Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using a Xenograft Bone Substitute and Its Combination with Autologous Bone : A 6+ Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography(2024-05) Zamure-Damberga, Liene; Radziņš, Oskars; Šalms, Ģirts; Zolovs, Maksims; Bokvalde, Zanda; Neimane, Laura; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine; Statistics UnitDeproteinised bovine bone (DBB) is widely used as bone substitute in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) surgery. No previous studies have shown the long-term volumetric changes in the augmented bone when using DBB. The selected patients had MFSA performed using a lateral window technique and a xenograft, alone or in combination with the patient’s autologous bone from the mandible. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to compare the volumetric changes in the augmented bone for patients over a period of 6 or more years. No significant bone reduction was seen in the augmented bone region when comparing MSFA after 7 months and 6 or more years after dental implantation.Item Reaction of Subcutaneous Connective Tissue of Experimental Animals on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Coated Hydroxyapatite(2012) Zavorins, Aleksejs; Pilmane, Māra; Šalms, Ģirts; Skagers, Andrejs; Čakstiņa-Dzērve, Inese; Ločs, Jānis; Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityIntroduction. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds have become an alternative to autologous bone grafts in orthopedic surgery, because it is possible to fill larger scale bone defects and of the decreased operation time and complication risks at the graft donor site, a promising method in bone regeneration is to load bone marrow - mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) on to a HAp scaffold. Aim of the Study. The aim of our study is to compare subcutaneous tissue reaction of experimental animals to implantation of HAp and HAp that is coated with BM-MSCs. Materials and Methods. Autologous BM-MSCs were cultivated from crista iliaca dextra biopsy, 4 HAp ceramic implants were coated with BM-MSC and implanted in subcutaneous tissue on one side and non-coated HAp implants on the other side of the spine of 4 rabbits. Immunohistochemical staining of BM-MSC and connective tissue included TUNEL assay, NFkBp105, HSP 70k, Wnt1, TNF-α, VEGF, MMP-2 antibodies, microscoped at 400X magnification and analyzed semiquantitatively. Results. Routine staining with haemotoxilin and eosin demonstrated formation of granulation tissue around the HAp implant, which was more distinct on the control side. There was an increased number of NFκB p105 positive cells (fibroblasts, myocytes, endotheliocytes) on the experimental side (+++), in comparison to the control side (++). HSP70 and apoptosis index was decreased on the experimental side (++ and 60%), in comparison to the control side (+++ and 70%). Number of MMP2 positive structures was increased on the control side in the fibrous capsule (++), in comparison to the experimental side, where the result varied (0 - +) Conclusions. Cultured BM-MSC activity is partly limited due to the apoptosis, which is probably induced by environmental factors. BM-MSC coated HAp implant stimulates secretion of proliferation marker NFkBp105 in subcutaneous tissue, decreases cell stress, apoptosis and tissue degradation (decreased HSP 70, apoptotic cell count and MMP 2) to improve the local tissue quality and proving BM-MSC tissue protective effect.