Browsing by Author "Čuprika, Aleksandra"

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    Characterization of the Essence of the Human Physical Capital Concept in Relation to the Fitness Industry
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2020) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernate, Andra; Cupriks, Leonids; Lubkina, V.; Kaupužs, A.; Znotiņa, D.; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    A large part of the society perceives the body as a fundamental tool to advance in social life, as a capital in labour relations and in sexual relations as well. The possibility to transform one’s own physical capital into economic, social or cultural capital, which is an opportunity a person receives through carrying out physical activity, is also a value in the field of fitness which is an industry that is worth billions. That is why the aim of this study was to investigate in-depth characterization of the nature of the physical capital concept, linking it to the field of fitness. The study is based on 48 literature sources and scientific articles, 2 of which are in Latvian, 5 in Russian and 41 – in English. The essence of the content of the physical capital concept has been investigated and the connections of notions in different theoretical contexts has been evaluated, starting from the beginning of the physical capital concept. The definitions were grouped in a broader and narrower scope. In the narrower sense, physical capital is a person’s skills and abilities – innate or acquired over time –, which help to perform a specific physical work, move, strengthen or improve physical health and capacity for work. In the broader sense – as values and investments in the body, building of a body in society. In the broader sense of physical capital, the main goal is its transformation into other forms of capital in order to obtain additional benefits or a new status in the society.
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    Characterization of Women's General Health and Physical Activity in Fitness
    (Rēzeknes Augstskola, 2014) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Čupriks, Leonīds; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    Sedentary life causes very big physical and mental health problems, which also decrease one's life quality. That is why the aim of the research is to evaluate women's involved in fitness interconnection of subjective evaluation of life quality components and their connection to objective parameters of life quality. GHQ-12 was applied to evaluate general health and IPAO short version was used to state the amount of physical activities. There are several weak and a very weak correlation between general health, amount of physical activities and the objective factors of life quality. To fully evaluate and improve the parameters of life quality subjective and objective character should be taken into account.
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    The Development of Social Belonging and Changes in Lifestyle for Women in Fitness : Case Study
    (Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, 2017) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Čupriks, Leonids; Lubkina, V.; Zvaigzne, A.; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
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    Effect of cranial electro-stimulation on athletes’ recovery after practice of different load intensity
    (2015) Rudzītis, Andris; Lāriņš, Viesturs; Čupriks, Leonīds; Žilinskis, Leonīds; Čuprika, Aleksandra; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    The purpose of the research was to detect the effect of Cranial Electrical Stimulation (CES) on athletes in general and under different load intensity in their practice body recovery process quality. Optimal restoring of athletes’ body capacity under loads of training and competition processes is as essential as optimal choice of physical and psychological loads in practice. The cranial electrical stimulation (CES) method has attested the usefulness of their application in various fields. The data confirm that athletes use CES to improve their coordination ability, to increase their concentration ability and even to improve the indicators of the body functional condition before competitions as well. The cranial electrical stimulation was applied by AlphaStim stimulators; their effect mechanism is described in the theoretical part of the article. 12 participants of the Latvian national bobsleigh men team and 14 participants of the Latvian Academy of Sport Education handball team were analyzed for the study. The general parameters of functional diagnosis were automatically stated by “OmegaS” system and revealed quantitative criteria (in percent) that defined health qualities of the cardiovascular system: adaptation level of the cardiovascular system (A); autonomous regulation of the vegetative system (B); the central heart rate regulation (C); psychoemotional state (D); integral indicator of the functional condition (H). The highest increase of the indicators after CES procedures was observed with the participants of the sports game team. The increase in bobsleigh athletes’ indicators were more modest. Though, we can affirm that the recovery of these athletes was also positively affected by CES procedure. The basic conclusions: 1. Generally, the CES procedure speeds up the athletes’ physical condition of recovery after practice. 2. The efficiency of recovery after CES depends on physical load intensity in practice, athlete’s qualification, and time provided for the rest.
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    Fitness in the Sport Structure in Latvia
    (2014) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    Origination of physical activities in Latvia territory, the necessity for sports sector to be developed, as well as the change of people’s understanding about physical loads and the essence of active lifestyle caused by rapid growth of the fitness sector where the main principle is load applied to strengthen and improve one’s health condition. One of the most important problems is a uniform understanding of the term “fitness”, and its place in the sports sector in Latvia. Therefore the aim of the article is to evaluate fitness as structure element inclusion possibilities in the Sports Structure in Latvia. The research is based on the investigation and analysis of the literature sources and sports policy planning documents, such as “Basic Positions of Sport Policy in Latvia”, project 2013- 2020, “National Sport Development Program 2006 –2013” of Latvia, “National Development Plan of Latvia 2012 –2020”. The place of fitness in the sports system in Latvia, the necessity and possibility to include fitness in the “National Sport Development Program” and in the “Basic Positions of Sport Policy” in perspective were studied. Commercial fitness clubs and the Latvian Fitness and Health Promotion Association (LFVVNA) are not included in the sports structure of Latvia; however, fitness is socially-cultural phenomeno
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    Fiziskā kapitāla veicināšana fitnesā. Promocijas darba kopsavilkums / Promotion of Physical Capital in Fitness. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis
    (Latvian Academy of Sport Education, 2016) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Seilers, Rolands
    Currently sedentary lifestyle is becoming more and more frequent all over the world, causing serious health problems to people (World Health Organization, 2014). In 2012, 80% of European citizen deaths were caused by 'non-infectious diseases', such as blood circulation diseases, digestive problems, diabetes, aroused by sedentary lifestyle (Health 2020: The European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well- being, 2012). In 2014, more than 50% of European citizens in adult age had an increased fat mass or suffered from obesity, in some European countries this figure approached 70% (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014). 20% of children in Europe suffer from increased body weight and 40%: from obesity (Wijnhoven et al., 2014). 5% of coronary heart diseases, 7% of the Type II diabetes, 9% of breast cancer and 10% of colon cancer cases are related to a lack of physical activity, which resulted in 1 million deaths (approximately 10% of all deaths) and 8.3 million cases of disability acquisition per year in Europe (World Health Organization, 2015). According to the statistics provided in the Latvia's National Development Plan 2014 - 2020, in 2012 30% of all dead people in Latvia lost their lives in the economically active age (Latvia's National Development Plan 2014 - 2020; Pudule et al, 2012; Štāle et al, 2013). Only 8% of the citizens of the European Union and 6% of the citizens of Latvia regularly engage in physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. 33% of the population in other European countries and 25% of Latvian population rarely engage in physical activity, 42% of the population in Europe and 39% in Latvia never engage in physical activity. 55% of European men and 63% of European women rarely or never engage in physical activity. In Latvia the situation is even worse: 66% of men and 71% of women do not engage in physical activity or do it very rarely (Eurobarometer, Sport and Physical Activities Report, 2013). In the Latvia's National Development Plan 2014-2020 'Human Securitability' is marked as one of the priorities, in the section of which 'Healthy and Fit for Work" one of the development points is the promotion of healthy lifestyle as the basis for the quality of life, therefore in Latvia it is one of the priority directions of society development (Latvia's National Development Plan 2014-2020). Based on the definition of the World Health Organization, health is a multi-functional concept that includes physical, mental and social well-being (Official Records of the World Health Organization, 1946). Therefore, a person's health is determined by both objective and subjective indicators. In its turn, in the understanding of health sciences, health is a tool for the acquisition of economic, cultural and social benefits: 'health is a dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical, mental and social potential, which satisfies the demands of life' (Bircher, 2005). In the economic understanding of health, health is a value and it is objectively measured (Culyer, 2014). By implementing healthy lifestyle, it is possible to create new body exchange values in the social environment. Physical health as a body exchange value multiplies other values in the social environment, for example, well-being. Currently for people it is important to be satisfied with their feelings, to experience positive emotions, to belong to the society, which is one of the key aspects of well-being. Fitness provides several physical, mental and social benefits, including health improvement, stress reduction, care for one's interests, raise of self-confidence and promotion of a greater sense of social belonging (Spitzer et al., 1999; Pondé & Santana, 2000). Despite this, a lot of people do not participate in physical activity, which particularly relates to women (Green, 2008; Lewis & Ridge, 2005). The society has access to a wide range of information about active and healthy lifestyle, correct nutrition, different trends in fitness, people, however, still have not established a need to be regularly physically active, which may be due to peoples' value system, which has developed since childhood. Fitness is the implementation of a healthy lifestyle that helps to invest in one's capital, build one's identity, improve oneself, be together with others. A person forms in the society and accumulates capital by directly interacting with other individuals (Bourdieu, 1986; Shilling, 1991; Hutson, 2012). For a number of people the concept of capital is linked only to money or real estate, the so-called assets and symbols of difference, allowing to understand what social position a person occupies in the society. However, there are also different, sometimes invisible, forms of capital that affect person's life and its quality. Fitness, which consists of both healthy nutrition and health-promoting physical activity, is related to both appearance and health; however, the tendency of the society is to improve more the external - the body, rather than the internal health (Duncan, 1994; Dworkin & Wachs, 2009; Maguire, 2008). By investing in their physical capital with the help of fitness we are able to invest not only in our body, but in health in general, which will help to extend the duration of our social activity. By analysing scientific literature, was identified a number of contradictions: 1) Between the society, demanding a healthy and fit for work person, and a person's own knowledge about health, for whom the aim of physical activity is a change in the external appearance, rather than changes in the body, which improve health; 2) Between the demands of the society for non-stop development in order to resemble the ideal of appearance, promoted by media, and a person's abilities and desires to be suitable to them without losing one's social belonging; 3) Between a person's self-perception, readiness to change and the surrounding environment. This indicates the necessity to explore the issues more in detail. The Doctoral Thesis explores a person in the society, identifying each person's needs, interests and values, promoting social belonging through fitness, educating the person about the issues of healthy lifestyle and creating a need to invest in their physical capital, thus improving health. .
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    Fiziskā kapitāla veicināšana fitnesā. Promocijas darbs
    (Latvijas Sporta pedagoģijas akadēmija, 2016) Čuprika, Aleksandra; Fernāte, Andra; Seilers, Rolands
    Mūsdienās mazkustīgs dzīvesveids kļūst arvien vairāk un vairāk izplatīts visā pasaulē, tas izraisa cilvēkiem nopietnas veselības problēmas (World Health Organization, 2014). 2012. gadā 80% Eiropas iedzīvotāju nāves gadījumu iemesls bija tādas neinfekciozās slimības kā asinsrites saslimšanas, gremošanas problēmas, diabēts, ko izraisījis mazkustīgs dzīvesveids (Health 2020: The European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well-being, 2012). 2014. gadā vairāk nekā 50 % Eiropas iedzīvotājiem pieaugušo vecumā ir palielināta tauku masa vai viņi cieš no aptaukošanās; dažās Eiropas valstīs šis cipars tuvojas 70 % (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014). 20% bērnu Eiropā cieš no palielināta svara un 40%- no aptaukošanās (Wijnhoven et al., 2014). 5 % koronāro sirds slimību, 7% otrā tipa diabēta, 9% krūts vēža un 10 % resnās zarnas vēža gadījumu ir saistīti ar fizisko aktivitāšu trūkumu: tā rezultātā ir 1 miljons nāves gadījumu (aptuveni 10% no visiem nāves gadījumiem) un 8,3 miljonu invaliditātes iegūšanas gadījumu vienā gada laikā Eiropā (World Health Organization, 2015). Izskatot Latvijas Nacionālās attīstības plānā 2014.-2020. gadam sniegto statistiku, konstatējams, ka 2012. gadā 30% no visiem Latvijā mirušajiem cilvēkiem dzīvību zaudējuši ekonomiski aktīvajā vecumā (National Developmental Plan of Latvia, 2014-2020, Pudule et al., 2012; Štale et al., 2013). Tikai 8% Eiropas Savienības un 6% Latvijas iedzīvotāju regulāri nodarbojas ar fiziskajām aktivitātēm, ko iesaka Pasaules Veselības organizācija (turpmāk - PVO). 33 % iedzīvotāju citās Eiropas valstīs un 25 % Latvijā nodarbojas ar fiziskajām aktivitātēm reti, 42% iedzīvotāju Eiropā un 39 % Latvijā vispār nepiedalās fiziskajās aktivitātēs. 55 % Eiropas vīriešu un 63% Eiropas sieviešu reti piedalās vai nepiedalās fiziskajās aktivitātēs. Latvijā situācija ir vēl sliktāka - 66% vīriešu un 71 % sieviešu nepiedalās fiziskajās aktivitātēs vai dara to ļoti reti. (Eurobarometer, sport and physical activities report, 2013) Latvijas Nacionālajā attīstības plānā 2014.-2020. gadam kā viena no prioritātēm ir noteikta „Cilvēka drošumspēja”, kuras sadaļā Vesels un darbspējīgs cilvēks viens no attīstības mērķiem ir veselīga dzīvesveida sekmēšana kā dzīves kvalitātes pamats; tātad Latvijā tas ir viens no prioritārajiem sabiedrības attīstības virzieniem (National Developmental Plan of Latvia, 2014- 2020). Ņemot vērā PVO definīciju, veselība ir daudzfunkcionāls jēdziens, kas ietver fizisko, garīgo un sociālo labklājību. Tieši tāpēc cilvēka veselību nosaka gan objektīvie, gan subjektīvie rādītāji (Official Records of the World Health Organization, 1946). Savukārt, veselības zinātņu izpratnē, veselība ir līdzeklis ekonomisko, kultūras un sociālo labumu ieguvei: „Veselība ir dinamisks labklājības stāvoklis, kuru raksturo fiziskais, garīgais un sociālais potenciāls, kas atbilst dzīves prasībām." (Bircher, 2005) Veselības ekonomikas izpratnē, veselība ir vērtība, ko objektīvi var mērīt (Culyer, 2014). Istenojot veselīgu dzīvesveidu, ir iespēja radīt jaunas ķermeņa maiņas vērtības sociālajā vidē. Fiziskā veselība kā ķermeņa maiņas vērtība multiplice citas vērtības sociālajā vidē, piemēram, labklājību. Mūsdienās ir svarīgi būt apmierinātam ar savām sajūtām, izjust pozitīvas emocijas un būt piederīgam sabiedrības daļai. Fitness dod vairākus fiziskos, garīgos un sociālos ieguvumus, tostarp veselības uzlabošanu, stresa mazināšanu, interešu attīstību, pašpārliecinātību un lielākas sociālās piederības izjūtas veicināšanu (Spitzer et al., 1999; Ponde & Santana, 2000). Neraugoties uz to, daudzi cilvēki nepiedalās fitnesa fiziskajās aktivitātēs, īpaši sievietes (Green, 2008; Lewis & Ridge, 2005). Sabiedrībai ir pieejama plaša informācija par aktīvu un veselīgu dzīvesveidu, informācija par pareizu uzturu, dažādām tendencēm fitnesa jomā, tomēr cilvēkiem nav izveidojusies vajadzība regulāri būt fiziski aktīviem. Fitness ir veselīga dzīvesveida īstenošana, kas palīdz investēt savā kapitālā, palīdz veidot savu identitāti, pilnveidot sevi, palīdz būt kopā ar citiem. Cilvēks veidojas sabiedrībā un uzkrāj kapitālu, mijiedarbojoties ar citiem indivīdiem (Bourdieu, 1986; Shilling, 1991; Hutson, 2012). Vairumam cilvēku kapitāla jēdziens ir saistīts tikai ar naudu vai nekustamo īpašumu, t. s. aktīviem un atšķirības simboliem, kas ļauj saprast, kādu sociālo statusu cilvēks ieņem sabiedrībā. Tomēr ir arī citādākas, dažreiz neredzamas kapitāla formas, kas ietekmē cilvēka dzīvi un tās kvalitāti. Fitnesu kā veselīga dzīvesveida īstenošanu veido gan veselīgs uzturs, gan veselību veicinošas fiziskās aktivitātes. Tas ir saistīts gan ar izskatu, gan veselību. Tomēr sabiedrības tendence ir vairāk uzlabot ārējo - ķermeni, nevis iekšējo - veselību (Duncan, 1994; Dworkin & Wachs, 2009; Maguire, 2008). Investējot fiziskajā kapitālā ar fitnesa palīdzību, mēs spējam investēt ne tikai savā ķermenī, bet veselībā kopumā, kas palīdz pagarināt indivīda sociālās aktivitātes mūžu. Analizējot zinātnisko literatūru, konstatējamas vairākas pretrunas: 1) starp sabiedrību, kas pieprasa veselu un darbspējīgu cilvēku, un paša cilvēka zināšanām par veselību, kuram fizisko aktivitāšu mērķis ir ārējā izskata maiņa, nevis izmaiņas organismā, uzlabojot veselību; 2) starp sabiedrības prasībām pēc neierobežotas attīstības, lai līdzinātos izskata ideālam, ko popularizē mediji, un cilvēka spējām un vēlmēm būt ideālam atbilstošam, lai nezaudētu sociālo piederību; 3) starp cilvēka pašuztveri, gatavību mainīties un apkārtējo vidi. Tas norāda uz nepieciešamību detalizēti izpētīt problēmjautājumus. Promocijas darbā pētīts cilvēks sabiedrībā, nosakot katra vajadzības, intereses un vērtības, veicinot sociālo piederību fitnesā, izglītojot cilvēku veselīga dzīvesveida jautājumos un veidojot vajadzību investēt savā fiziskajā kapitālā, uzlabojot veselību.